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medicina - fisioterapia - actividad física - psicología - etc.
Sport Practice Enhances Athletes’ Observation Capacity: Comparing Scenic Change Detection in Open and Closed Sports
Autor
Grosprêtre & Gabriel
2020
|
Perceptual and Motor Skills
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
change blindness, gymnastics, parkour, perception, rock climbing, skill
Resumen
Domain-specific knowledge guides our attention and thus influences our perception. Prior change-blindness research has shown that expert athletes can spot meaningful scene changes more quickly than novices, but less is known of whether this expertise is modulated differentially between open and closed sporting activities. We presented 81 individuals (20 gymnasts, 19 rock climbers, 22 parkour practitioners, and 20 control participants) with alternating sequences of images that corresponded to the habitual training landscapes of each group (gymnasiums, rock cliffs, and urban environments, respectively). We included contextual and non-contextual scenic changes to evaluate whether athletes were generally aware of their environments, or whether their observation strategies only targeted sport-related environmental elements. Among these three athletic endeavors, we found that gymnasts were faster at detecting changes in their environment, irrespective of whether or not these changes were contextual to the sports involved. Expert rock climbers presented a domain-specific expertise that was improved even further for contextual changes. Parkour practitioners presented the fastest reaction times in the urban environment and some of the best reaction times for all types of changes. These results confirm that an ability to read the environment is an integral aspect of practice in open-skilled sports, while skills of athletes in closed-skilled sports are more closely related to motor skill repetitions in constant environments. Thus, open skill training may benefit athletes’ guidance of attention. Our finding that parkour practitioners appeared to have developed the widest perceptual abilities was probably linked to these athletes’ extremely wide range of practice environments and with the constant demands of this sport to find solutions in random natural environments that that are not purposely designed for the sport.
URL
Effect of Eight Weeks Plyometric Training on Some Kinematic Parameters, Horizontal Jumping Power, Agility, and Body Composition in Elite Parkour Athletes
Autor
Abdolrasoul Daneshjoo
2020
|
Journal of Sport Biomechanics
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Plyometric exercise, Agility, Kinematics, Horizontal jump, Parkour
Resumen
Objective: A high correlation between lower limb explosive power and muscular strength, production of high power levels in the shortest time, and high level of agility are essential to achieve optimal performance in Parkour. It seems that polymetric exercises can make it possible to achieve the highest performance. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week plyometric exercise program on knee kinematic parameters, body composition, agility and horizontal jumping power of Parkour athletes.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design, 20 elite Parkour athletes aged 19-26 years were selected and randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=10) and control (n=10). The exercise group carried out the program for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each for one hour. Before and after exercise, measurements of kinematic parameters of knee, agility, and horizontal jumping power, and body composition in subjects were performed. The collected data were analyzed using t-test considering a significant level of P≤0.05.
Results: Plyometric exercise for eight weeks had a significant effect on knee kinematic parameters of Parkour athletes (P=0.003) and significantly improved their horizontal jump, agility and reduced body fat percentage (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Plyometric exercise can significantly improve kinematic parameters of the knee, increase the jumping power and agility, and reduce body fat percentage in Parkour athletes; however, since Parkour movements are very similar to plyometric exercises, more study is needed.
URL
Epidemiología de las lesiones en el parkour y revisión de la literatura
Autor
Giner
2020
|
Sport Tk-Revista Euroamericana De Ciencias Del Deporte
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
prevalence; epidemiology; injury; musculoskeletal system; parkour; traceur; prevalencia; epidemiología; lesión; sistema músculo-esquelético; parkour; traceur
Resumen
El parkour es una actividad física cada vez más popular que continúa atrayendo practicantes. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la prevalencia de lesiones en el parkour así como la naturaleza, zona anatómica, procedimiento requerido, lugar dónde sucedió y movimiento de parkour. Se analizó a los practicantes de la Comunidad de Madrid, un total de 161 sujetos con una experiencia mínima de 12 meses y una práctica regular de al menos 1 vez por semana, empleando un cuestionario ad hoc. Los resultados muestran una prevalencia de lesión del 70,2%, siendo más frecuentes: esguinces (22,3%) y contusiones (21,1%), extremidad inferior (69,9%) y superior (24,7%), no precisaron pruebas médicas ni cirugía (68,6%), parque/plaza (60,9%) y calle (28%), salto de precisión (18,8%) y salto de longitud (11,1%). Por consiguiente se confirma que el parkour es susceptible de sufrir lesiones, en su mayoría esguinces, en la extremidad inferior y no resultan graves.
URL
Are Children Attracted to Play Elements with an Open Function?
Autor
Lynn van der Schaaf et al.
2020
|
Ecological Psychology
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
The present study aimed to determine the degree to which play elements have an “open function”, and whether children are attracted to them. The architect van Eyck hypothesized that play elements with an open function attract playing children because such elements do not suggest a certain type of behavior and are, thus, likely to stimulate the children’s creativity. Children of three different age groups (5-6, 7-8, and 11-12years of age) played freely in a Parkour
URL
Parkour and Intrinsic Motivation: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Self-Determination Theory in an Emerging Youth Sport
Autor
Carson & Larsen
2020
|
University of California
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Physical activity is important for improving lifelong health and wellness, yet only a quarter of US children meet physical activity guidelines. Highly competitive youth sports may impact youth dropout and providing alternative options to be active may be a solution. Self-Determination Theory, a psychological theory around the idea of intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation, is an underutilized framework that may be helpful in addressing this issue. We employed a mixed method design to understand how Parkour, an emerging youth sport, may better address psychological needs as defined by Self-Determination Theory. Cross-sectional survey data from 38 children/adolescents (ages 7-17) enrolled in Parkour versus other sports were compared, and 15 of the Parkour participants were individually interviewed to gain a deeper understanding. There were significant differences between the two groups for their motivations and physical activity habits, and the addition of the qualitative data illustrates the potential advantages of Parkour to reach children who may be otherwise uninterested. This study provides an important background for future research into Parkour that has thus far been limited.
URL
Kinematic Analyses of Parkour Landings from as High as 2.7 Meters
Autor
Dai et al.
2020
|
Journal of Human Kinetics
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
jump-landing, impact, injury, performance, lower extremities
Resumen
Developing effective landing strategies has implications for both injury prevention and performance training. The purpose was to quantify the kinematics of Parkour practitioners' landings from three heights utilizing four techniques. Seventeen male and three female Parkour practitioners landed from 0.9, 1.8, and 2.7 m utilizing the squat, forward, roll, and stiff landing techniques when three-dimensional kinematics were collected. The stiff landing demonstrated the shortest landing time, and the roll landing showed the longest landing time for 1.8 and 2.7 m. Roll landings demonstrated the greatest forward velocities at initial contact and at the end of the landing. Stiff landings showed the greatest changes in vertical velocity during the early landing, while roll landings showed the least changes for 0.9 and 1.8 m. Both roll and stiff landings generally resulted in decreased changes in horizontal velocity during the early landing compared to squat and forward landings. The four landing techniques also demonstrated different lower extremity joint angles. Stiff landings may increase injury risk because of the quick decrease of vertical velocities. Roll landings allow individuals to decrease vertical and horizontal velocities over a longer time, which is likely to decrease the peak loading imposed on the lower extremities.
URL
Designing Parkour-style training environments for athlete development: insights from experienced Parkour Traceurs
Autor
Strafford et al.
2020
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Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
afordances, athletic development, Athletic Skills Model, donor sport, free running
Resumen
Contemporary models of motor learning implicate the value of Parkour-style training as an activity to enrich athletic performance in different sports. We explored Parkour Traceurs’ experiential knowledge on the range of physical, perceptual, psychological and social skills that they perceive to be developed during Parkour practice and performance. We also investigated their recommendations on how to design Parkour practice to facilitate the development of foundational performance behaviours. Experienced male Parkour Traceurs (n = 14) were interviewed using an open-ended, semi-structured approach, with a two-stage thematic analysis being conducted to identify themes. The analysis identified two dimensions: Skills Developed Through Parkour and Recommendations for Designing Parkour Training Environments. Parkour Traceurs outlined numerous physical (locomotor skills; endurance; strength; agility; balance), perceptual (multi-limb coordination; control precision; rate control; response orientation), psychological (problem-solving; stress relief; self-efficacy; risk management) and social (networking; initiative; social perceptiveness; receptiveness to feedback) capacities and skills that could be augmented through Parkour training. Parkour Traceurs explained how indoor Parkour environments should promote creative and exploratory movement behaviours that enable physical conditioning, whilst enhancing decision-making and action functionality. Responses suggest that these aims are often achieved by designing a modular practice landscape where Parkour Traceurs manipulate the spacing, orientation and angles of bars and wall set-ups to facilitate the development of different perceptual, cognitive and physical skills. In conclusion, this study provides insights on how affordances offered by a Parkour environment could be integrated into practice to enhance athlete self-regulation and transfer of functional behaviours to team sport performance.
URL
Fratura do escafoide társico em um praticante de parkour, uma lesão rara – Relato de Caso e Revisão da Literatura
Autor
Karmali et al.
2019
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Revista brasileira de ortopedia
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Portugués
Palabras clave
fraturas ósseas - ossos do tarso - articulações társicas - esportes - procedimentos/métodos ortopédicos
Resumen
As fraturas do escafoide társico, bem como outras lesões do médiopé, são raras e podem resultar em incapacidade grave se não forem tratadas adequadamente. Parkour, um esporte moderno, está ganhando popularidade entre os jovens em áreas urbanas, e é propenso a traumatismos de alta energia, sendo estes escassamente descritos na literatura. O presente relato trata de um caso de fratura rara do escafoide társico em um paciente do sexo masculino de 17 anos, ocorrida durante a prática de parkour, que foi tratada com sucesso, com redução aberta e fixação interna. A descrição do caso enfatiza os desafios na sua abordagem; a discussão destaca as opções de tratamento e seus objetivos. O caso também deve alertar sobre a ocorrência crescente dessas lesões incomuns.
URL
Effects of 8-Week Strength Training on the Vertical Jump Performance of the Traceurs
Autor
Seyhan
2019
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Journal of Curriculum and Teaching
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Program Effectiveness: Muscular Strength: Physical Activities: Training Methods: Motion: Program Length: Video Technology: Psychomotor Skills: Urban Environment: Human Body: Performance Tests: Computer Software: Athletes: Measurement: Exercise: Athletic Coaches
Resumen
The parkour is a physical activity that contains special technique applications and requires a great number of jumps. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week strength training on the jump heights of the traceurs (parkour practitioners). A total of 12 traceurs, including 6 individuals as the control group and 6 individuals as the strength group, were included in the study. The control group was provided with parkour training sessions twice a week, and the other group provided with both strength and parkour training sessions twice a week. Each participant's vertical jumps were recorded with the high-speed camera in the validated My Jump 2 application. The mean age of the traceurs control group was 19±.89 years, 173.67±4.63 cm, body mass 66.5±5.32 kg; experimental group was 19.5±1.05 years, 175.83±8.86 cm, and body mass 67.67±7.20 kg. Also according to the results, it can be said that a significant increase was observed in countermovement jump (CMJ) vertical jump heights (p=0.028) of the study group at the end of the 8-week strength trainings compared to the control group and that the strength training provided a positive contribution to vertical jump heights. On the other hand, there was no significant difference (p=0.075) in the control group. At the same time, the CMJ height values of the participants who performed strength training increased 4.97±0.09%. Learning of the vertical jump heights, which is an important parameter for successful performance in traceurs, can enable the coaches and athletes to prepare a better training program.
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Comparison of Physical and Physiological Performance Features of Parkour and Gymnastics Athletes
Autor
Seyhan
2019
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Journal of Education and Learning
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Athletics: Athletes: Exercise Physiology: Performance: Body Composition: Human Body: Muscular Strength
Resumen
The purpose of this study was to compare the physical and physiological features of the traceurs with the gymnastics athletes. The study was carried out with twelve volunteer participants (traceurs=6, gymnastics athletes=6). The mean age of the traceurs was 18.67[plus or minus]1.03 years, 172.67[plus or minus]3.78 cm, body mass 62.5[plus or minus]8.94 kg and BMI was 20.98[plus or minus]2.97; gymnastics athletes was 19.33[plus or minus]1.21 years, 175.83[plus or minus]6.18 cm, body mass 65.17[plus or minus]8.06 kg and BMI was 21.11[plus or minus]2.67. Maximal oxygen utilization levels of traceurs and rhythmic gymnastics athletes were 56.13[plus or minus]3.95 ml/kg/min and 57.18[plus or minus]5.33 ml/kg/min respectively, their Illinois test times were 15.22[plus or minus]0.42 sec and 15.33[plus or minus]0.22 sec respectively, their vertical jump distances were 47.41[plus or minus]6.05 cm and 46.48[plus or minus]3.37 cm respectively, their vertical jump power values were 7252.7[plus or minus]1142.73 W and 7026.55[plus or minus]427.62 W respectively, their horizontal jump distances were 2.53[plus or minus]0.61 m and 2.48[plus or minus]0.12 m respectively, and finally, their hamstring flexion angles were determined by using goniometer as the measurement of hamstring flexibility (traceurs = 106.67[plus or minus]4.27[degree]; gymnastics athletes = 121.33[plus or minus]5.36[degree]*), and there was a significant difference between the angles hamstring flexibility of the two groups (*p<0.05). According to the results obtained from the study, it was seen that physical and physiological values obtained from two groups of athletes were very close to each other and no significant difference was observed between these two groups. This similarity can be explained by the fact that the training of these two branches does not differ as structural features. In conclusion, the learning of important performance determinants in athletes, such as aerobic power, flexibility, agility and explosive power, by the coaches and their education in this subject may enable the preparation of a better training program.
URL
Cortical and spinal excitabilities are differently balanced in power athletes(
Autor
Grosprêtre et al.
2020
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European Journal of Sport Science
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
H-reflex; PARKOUR; freerunning; motor evoked potential; transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Resumen
It is recognised that power-sport practices have a particular effect on lower-limb neuromuscular parameters. Less is known about corticospinal network adaptation, however, or whether these adaptations are specific to the lower limb. In the present study, the corticospinal and spinal excitabilities of upper and lower limbs have been examined in a group of untrained participants (UT, n = 10) and compared to those of a group of well-trained athletes practicing parkour (PK, n = 10). This activity, consisting of overcoming obstacles offered by the urban environment, was chosen as a model of power activity. The motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulations and H-reflexes and maximal M-waves evoked by peripheral nerve stimulations were elicited in both upper- (flexor carpi radialis [FCR]) and lower-limb muscles (soleus [SOL] and gastrocnemius medialis [GM]). The results tended toward an overall greater corticospinal excitability in PK than in UT (as evidenced by greater MEP/Mmax ratio) and lower spinal excitability (lower Hmax/Mmax). H/MMAX ratio was lower for PK (0.32) than for UT (0.41) in SOL (p = 0.02), while MEP/MMAX was greater for PK than for UT in FCR (PK: 0.12; UT: 0.06; P = 0.04) and in GM (PK: 0.05, UT: 0.03, P = 0.02). In both limbs, the decrease of spinal excitability induced by parkour practice was counterbalanced by an increase in cortical excitability. Finally, the present study indicates that such long-term power practice leads to similar corticospinal plasticity in upper and lower limbs, explained by the similar solicitation of those muscles.
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Parkour jako nový gymnastický sport
Autor
Vašurová
2020
|
Charles University
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Checo
Palabras clave
Parkour, somatotype, sport, discipline, abilities, competition
Resumen
The aim of this work is to introduce parkour as a new gymnastic sport and, based on the somatotypes measurements, define optimal profile of an athlet for this kind of sport with expressing differences in somatotypes with respect to individual parkour disciplines.
URL
Augmented reality-based rehabilitation of gait impairments: Case report
Autor
Held et al.
2020
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JMIR mHealth and uHealth
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
HoloLens 2, gait, rehabilitation, stroke, augmented reality, sensors
Resumen
Background: Gait and balance impairments are common in neurological diseases, including stroke, and negatively affect patients' quality of life. Improving balance and gait are among the main goals of rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is mainly performed in clinics, which lack context specificity; therefore, training in the patient's home environment is preferable. In the last decade, developed rehabilitation technologies such as virtual reality and augmented reality (AR) have enabled gait and balance training outside clinics. Here, we propose a new method for gait rehabilitation in persons who have had a stroke in which mobile AR technology and a sensor-based motion capture system are combined to provide fine-grained feedback on gait performance in real time. Objective: The aims of this study were (1) to investigate manipulation of the gait pattern of persons who have had a stroke based on virtual augmentation during overground walking compared to walking without AR performance feedback and (2) to investigate the usability of the AR system. Methods: We developed the ARISE (Augmented Reality for gait Impairments after StrokE) system, in which we combined a development version of HoloLens 2 smart glasses (Microsoft Corporation) with a sensor-based motion capture system. One patient with chronic minor gait impairment poststroke completed clinical gait assessments and an AR parkour course with patient-centered performance gait feedback. The movement kinematics during gait as well as the usability and safety of the system were evaluated. Results: The patient changed his gait pattern during AR parkour compared to the pattern observed during the clinical gait assessments. He recognized the virtual objects and ranked the usability of the ARISE system as excellent. In addition, the patient stated that the system would complement his standard gait therapy. Except for the symptom of exhilaration, no adverse events occurred. Conclusions: This project provided the first evidence of gait adaptation during overground walking based on real-time feedback through visual and auditory augmentation. The system has potential to provide gait and balance rehabilitation outside the clinic. This initial investigation of AR rehabilitation may aid the development and investigation of new gait and balance therapies.
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A post-COVID-19 lifestyle sport research agenda: Communication, risk, and organizational challenges
Autor
Smith
2020
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International Journal of Sport Communication
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
community; social media; stakeholders
Resumen
The cancellations and postponements of large-scale organized sport competitions provided the first indicators of the impact that COVID-19 would have on society. During the pandemic, sport media reporting has focused on cancellations. Although not receiving as much media attention, "lifestyle sports,"such as rock climbing, parkour, BMX, kayaking, or skateboarding, were also impacted by COVID-19 in ways that differ from organized team sports. In this commentary, the author draws upon select media reports and subcultural social media posts to highlight two primary impacts of COVID-19: (a) the civic organizational challenges of limiting lifestyle sport participation and (b) the influence on the social and risk-laden experience of these sports. The article concludes by detailing lifestyle sport stakeholder communication, digital sporting communities, the use of social media for organizing lifestyle sport communities, and sport risk communication as fruitful avenues for future research in a postpandemic lifestyle sports.
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Luxation sous talienne interne pure ouverte: à propos d´un cas
Autor
Mmai
2020
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PAMJ Clinical Medicine
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Francés
Palabras clave
Luxation, sous talienne interne, accident de sport
Resumen
La luxation sous talienne est une lésion traumatique rare du pied dans laquelle le calcanéum et l'os naviculaire sont déplacés par rapport au talus qui conserve sa position normale au sein de la mortaise de la cheville. Elle doit être considérer comme une urgence thérapeutique, et aucun traitement n´est spécifique à cette lésion Les auteurs rapportent un cas de luxation sous talienne interne pure ouverte stade 2 de Gustillo et Anderson suite à un accident de sport: Parkour. Le patient a bénéficié d´une réduction urgente suivie d´une stabilisation avec arthroryse par deux broches calcanéo-astragaliennes et deux broches talo-naviculaires, et d´une immobilisation pendant six semaines. Après un recul de 12 mois, les résultats fonctionnels étaient satisfaisants.
URL
Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on sports performance for two profiles of athletes (power and endurance) (COMPETE): A protocol for a randomised, crossover, double blind, controlled exploratory trial
Autor
Grandperrin et al.
2020
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Trials
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Transcranial direct current stimulation, endurance performance, explosive performance, explosive perfomance, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, primary motor cortex, parkour, cycling
Resumen
Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is promising for improving motor and cognitive performance. Nevertheless, its mechanisms of action are unclear and need to be better characterised according to the stimulated brain area and the type of exercise performed. Methods/design: This is a double-blind crossover study, organised into two parts: the first is to assess the effects of tDCS on explosive performance (jump task) and the second is to assess the effects on endurance performance (cycling time trial task). Participants, who are recreationally active or athletes (parkour practitioners, cyclists), will receive two active tDCS sessions (over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right motor cortex) and one sham tDCS session (part A), or two sequences (one active and one sham) of two daily tDCS sessions over 5 days (part B). Motor and cognitive performance will be compared before and after tDCS sessions (part A), and before and after the first session, after the last session and at day 12 and day 30 of each tDCS sequence (part B). Discussion: This study investigates the acute and repeated effects of tDCS on the motor and cognitive performance of healthy subjects. It will try to evaluate if tDCS could be considered as a neuroenhancement technology according to the physical task investigated (endurance versus explosive).
URL
Art du Deplacement (ADD)/Parkour therapy for people with Parkinson's disease (PDP)
Autor
Schwed et al.
2019
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Movement Disorders
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Interventions, Parkinsonism, Rehabilitation
Resumen
The purpose of this study was to transfer ADD training methods into safe training paradigms for PDP, and psychologically framed coping strategies for mood management through integrating the ADD therapy via the Esprit Concrete Method and the Neuroprotective Exercise Protocol (NEP) through the Neurowerkstatt Method
URL
The Effects of Modified Parkour Exercise on Arterial Health and Fitness Components in Elderly Individuals
Autor
Delgado et al.
2019
|
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Aging is associated with declines in vascular and muscular functions. It is crucial to reduce the negative effects of aging on vascular and muscular health by implementing appropriate lifestyle interventions, such as exercise training. Modified Parkour Exercise (MPK) has been found to increase agility and balance in elderly individuals. However, the possibility of MPK improving vascular and muscular functions in the elderly is currently unknown.
URL
Risk in Lifestyle Sports. The Case of Parkour
Autor
Kidder
2019
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The Suffering Body in Sport (Research in the Sociology of Sport
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Culutre, edgework, neoliberalism, rituals, safety, vocabulary of motive
Resumen
URL
How parkour enthusiasts scramble up walls
Autor
Knight
2019
|
Journal of Experimental Biology
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
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