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CIENCIAS
DE LA SALUD
medicina - fisioterapia - actividad física - psicología - etc.
Parkour-Based Activities in the Athletic Development of Youth Basketball Players
Autor
Williams et al.
2021
|
Front Physiol
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
affordance landscape; fundamental movement skills; non-linear pedagogy; strength training; youth athletes.
Resumen
While ideas from long-term athlete development (LTAD) models have been adopted and integrated across different sports, issues related to early specialization, such as increased risk of injury and burnout, are still common. Although some benefits may be associated with early sport specialization, sports sampling is purported to be a more effective approach to the long-term health and wellbeing of children. Furthermore, the concept of developing what are commonly referred to as "fundamental movement skills" (FMS) is central to the rationale for delaying single sports specialization. However, in place of sports sampling, it appears that the practice of strength and conditioning (S&C) has become a driving force behind developmental models for youth athletes, highlighted by the growing body of literature regarding youth athletic development training. In this perspective piece, we explore how conventional S&C practice may insufficiently develop FMS because typically, it only emphasizes a narrow range of foundational exercises that serve a limited role toward the development of action capabilities in youth athletic populations. We further discuss how this approach may limit the transferability of physical qualities, such as muscular strength, to sports-specific tasks. Through an ecological dynamics lens, and using basketball as an example, we explore the potential for parkour-based activity within the LTAD of youth basketball players. We propose parkour as a training modality to not only encourage movement diversity and adaptability, but also as part of an advanced strength training strategy for the transfer of conventional S&C training.
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Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the psychomotor, cognitive, and motor performances of power athletes
Autor
Grosprêtre et al.
2021
|
Sci Rep
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
In sports science, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has many unknown effects on neuromuscular, psychomotor and cognitive aspects. Particularly, its impact on power performances remains poorly investigated. Eighteen healthy young males, all trained in a jumping sport (parkour) performed three experimental sessions: anodal tDCS applied either on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC, cathode in supraorbital area) or on the primary motor cortex (M1, cathode on contralateral shoulder), and a placebo condition (SHAM), each applied for 20 min at 2 mA. Pre and post, maximal vertical and horizontal jumps were performed, associated to leg neuromuscular assessment through electromyography and peripheral nerve stimulations. Actual and imagined pointing tasks were also performed to evaluate fine motor skills, and a full battery of cognitive and psychomotor tests was administered. M1 tDCS improved jump performance accompanied by an increase in supraspinal and spinal excitabilities. dlPFC stimulation only impacted the pointing tasks. No effect on cognitive tests was found for any of the tDCS conditions. To conclude, the type of performance (maximal versus accurate) affected depended upon the tDCS montage. Finally, athletes responded well to tDCS for motor performance while results to cognitive tests seemed unaffected, at least when implemented with the present rationale.
URL
“I am going out!” – lifestyle sports and physical activity in adolescents
Autor
Janeckova et al.
2021
|
BMC Public Health
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Self-organized activities, Unstructured leisure, Sedentary behaviour, Youth, Inactivity, Lifestyle
Resumen
Lifestyle sport activities (e.g. parkour or skateboarding) are considered attractive and beneficial for a long-term commitment to physical activity (PA) and might be a great opportunity for adolescents who do not feel comfortable in an organized or competitive atmosphere. The purpose of the study was to assess whether participation in lifestyle activities is associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), out-of-school vigorous physical activity (VPA), and sedentary behaviour in adolescents aged 10–15 years, with major demographic variables (sex, age, socioeconomic status) being taken into account.
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Parkour – a bridge between motor activities and live-ability practices in the urban jungle
Autor
Mango et al.
2021
|
Journal of Physical Education and Sport
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, urban jungle, movement, environment, Edgework, calculated risk
Resumen
The origin of parkour can be dated back to George Hébert’s studies. It was created in France and quickly spread around the world. This motor discipline is commonly defined as “art du déplacement”, and its aim is to adapt one’s movements to the surrounding environment, both natural and urban. Parkour transforms towns from still and impersonal spaces into places for creativity, learning, and self-knowledge. In fact, a practitioner (before beginning to move) will continuously wonder about his motivations and his physical perceptions, converse with his fears, and look for his psychophysical balance. In 2019, the Italian Ministry of Health invited to consider unstructured activities to promote active life and make individual and collective gratification elements available. With this aim, parkour (as a mainly sensory–motor discipline) is very useful owing to its educational purposes, in particular when children are involved, because their approach to senses is still free from social and family conditioning. Parkour is a movement practice, which requires considerable physical, mental, and emotional training. We discuss the relationship between parkour and edgework (a socio-psychological concept about voluntary risk-taking; Lyng S., 1990) because parkour practitioners are exposed to risks that seem greater than what is socially acceptable. This study analyzes parkour as an outdoor activity, as an expression of flourishing (Nussbaum M, 2007) from the point of view of the urban jungle and as a denunciation of unsuitability of urbanization for the natural needs of the human being. We confirmed that the edgework approach was a very effective tool for practitioners to improve their specific skills and their personal lives. Parkour poses the questions; the practitioner’s aim is to find the answers.
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Are Children Attracted to Play Elements with an Open Function?
Autor
Lynn van der Schaaf et al.
2020
|
Ecological Psychology
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
The present study aimed to determine the degree to which play elements have an “open function”, and whether children are attracted to them. The architect van Eyck hypothesized that play elements with an open function attract playing children because such elements do not suggest a certain type of behavior and are, thus, likely to stimulate the children’s creativity. Children of three different age groups (5-6, 7-8, and 11-12years of age) played freely in a Parkour
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Augmented reality-based rehabilitation of gait impairments: Case report
Autor
Held et al.
2020
|
JMIR mHealth and uHealth
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
HoloLens 2, gait, rehabilitation, stroke, augmented reality, sensors
Resumen
Background: Gait and balance impairments are common in neurological diseases, including stroke, and negatively affect patients' quality of life. Improving balance and gait are among the main goals of rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is mainly performed in clinics, which lack context specificity; therefore, training in the patient's home environment is preferable. In the last decade, developed rehabilitation technologies such as virtual reality and augmented reality (AR) have enabled gait and balance training outside clinics. Here, we propose a new method for gait rehabilitation in persons who have had a stroke in which mobile AR technology and a sensor-based motion capture system are combined to provide fine-grained feedback on gait performance in real time. Objective: The aims of this study were (1) to investigate manipulation of the gait pattern of persons who have had a stroke based on virtual augmentation during overground walking compared to walking without AR performance feedback and (2) to investigate the usability of the AR system. Methods: We developed the ARISE (Augmented Reality for gait Impairments after StrokE) system, in which we combined a development version of HoloLens 2 smart glasses (Microsoft Corporation) with a sensor-based motion capture system. One patient with chronic minor gait impairment poststroke completed clinical gait assessments and an AR parkour course with patient-centered performance gait feedback. The movement kinematics during gait as well as the usability and safety of the system were evaluated. Results: The patient changed his gait pattern during AR parkour compared to the pattern observed during the clinical gait assessments. He recognized the virtual objects and ranked the usability of the ARISE system as excellent. In addition, the patient stated that the system would complement his standard gait therapy. Except for the symptom of exhilaration, no adverse events occurred. Conclusions: This project provided the first evidence of gait adaptation during overground walking based on real-time feedback through visual and auditory augmentation. The system has potential to provide gait and balance rehabilitation outside the clinic. This initial investigation of AR rehabilitation may aid the development and investigation of new gait and balance therapies.
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Sport Practice Enhances Athletes’ Observation Capacity: Comparing Scenic Change Detection in Open and Closed Sports
Autor
Grosprêtre & Gabriel
2020
|
Perceptual and Motor Skills
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
change blindness, gymnastics, parkour, perception, rock climbing, skill
Resumen
Domain-specific knowledge guides our attention and thus influences our perception. Prior change-blindness research has shown that expert athletes can spot meaningful scene changes more quickly than novices, but less is known of whether this expertise is modulated differentially between open and closed sporting activities. We presented 81 individuals (20 gymnasts, 19 rock climbers, 22 parkour practitioners, and 20 control participants) with alternating sequences of images that corresponded to the habitual training landscapes of each group (gymnasiums, rock cliffs, and urban environments, respectively). We included contextual and non-contextual scenic changes to evaluate whether athletes were generally aware of their environments, or whether their observation strategies only targeted sport-related environmental elements. Among these three athletic endeavors, we found that gymnasts were faster at detecting changes in their environment, irrespective of whether or not these changes were contextual to the sports involved. Expert rock climbers presented a domain-specific expertise that was improved even further for contextual changes. Parkour practitioners presented the fastest reaction times in the urban environment and some of the best reaction times for all types of changes. These results confirm that an ability to read the environment is an integral aspect of practice in open-skilled sports, while skills of athletes in closed-skilled sports are more closely related to motor skill repetitions in constant environments. Thus, open skill training may benefit athletes’ guidance of attention. Our finding that parkour practitioners appeared to have developed the widest perceptual abilities was probably linked to these athletes’ extremely wide range of practice environments and with the constant demands of this sport to find solutions in random natural environments that that are not purposely designed for the sport.
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Epidemiología de las lesiones en el parkour y revisión de la literatura
Autor
Giner
2020
|
Sport Tk-Revista Euroamericana De Ciencias Del Deporte
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
prevalence; epidemiology; injury; musculoskeletal system; parkour; traceur; prevalencia; epidemiología; lesión; sistema músculo-esquelético; parkour; traceur
Resumen
El parkour es una actividad física cada vez más popular que continúa atrayendo practicantes. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la prevalencia de lesiones en el parkour así como la naturaleza, zona anatómica, procedimiento requerido, lugar dónde sucedió y movimiento de parkour. Se analizó a los practicantes de la Comunidad de Madrid, un total de 161 sujetos con una experiencia mínima de 12 meses y una práctica regular de al menos 1 vez por semana, empleando un cuestionario ad hoc. Los resultados muestran una prevalencia de lesión del 70,2%, siendo más frecuentes: esguinces (22,3%) y contusiones (21,1%), extremidad inferior (69,9%) y superior (24,7%), no precisaron pruebas médicas ni cirugía (68,6%), parque/plaza (60,9%) y calle (28%), salto de precisión (18,8%) y salto de longitud (11,1%). Por consiguiente se confirma que el parkour es susceptible de sufrir lesiones, en su mayoría esguinces, en la extremidad inferior y no resultan graves.
URL
Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on sports performance for two profiles of athletes (power and endurance) (COMPETE): A protocol for a randomised, crossover, double blind, controlled exploratory trial
Autor
Grandperrin et al.
2020
|
Trials
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Transcranial direct current stimulation, endurance performance, explosive performance, explosive perfomance, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, primary motor cortex, parkour, cycling
Resumen
Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is promising for improving motor and cognitive performance. Nevertheless, its mechanisms of action are unclear and need to be better characterised according to the stimulated brain area and the type of exercise performed. Methods/design: This is a double-blind crossover study, organised into two parts: the first is to assess the effects of tDCS on explosive performance (jump task) and the second is to assess the effects on endurance performance (cycling time trial task). Participants, who are recreationally active or athletes (parkour practitioners, cyclists), will receive two active tDCS sessions (over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right motor cortex) and one sham tDCS session (part A), or two sequences (one active and one sham) of two daily tDCS sessions over 5 days (part B). Motor and cognitive performance will be compared before and after tDCS sessions (part A), and before and after the first session, after the last session and at day 12 and day 30 of each tDCS sequence (part B). Discussion: This study investigates the acute and repeated effects of tDCS on the motor and cognitive performance of healthy subjects. It will try to evaluate if tDCS could be considered as a neuroenhancement technology according to the physical task investigated (endurance versus explosive).
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Parkour jako nový gymnastický sport
Autor
Vašurová
2020
|
Charles University
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Checo
Palabras clave
Parkour, somatotype, sport, discipline, abilities, competition
Resumen
The aim of this work is to introduce parkour as a new gymnastic sport and, based on the somatotypes measurements, define optimal profile of an athlet for this kind of sport with expressing differences in somatotypes with respect to individual parkour disciplines.
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Lesiones y síntomas musculoesqueléticos en practicantes de Parkour.
Autor
Silva
2021
|
Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Portugués
Palabras clave
Resumen
Introducción: El parkour es una práctica corporal que consiste en movimientos rápidos, fluidos y eficientes en medio de los obstáculos presentes en un recorrido. Recluta diversas estructuras musculares y articulares del cuerpo, que están sometidas a un entrenamiento intenso y pueden provocar lesiones graves. Objetivo: Verificar las lesiones y síntomas musculoesqueléticos de los practicantes de Parkour, describiendo los tipos de lesión, ubicación anatómica, mecanismos de lesión, momento de la lesión y superficie referida por los participantes. Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo, con 55 traceurs. Los participantes fueron sometidos a la Encuesta de Morbilidad Referida (IMR) y al Cuestionario Nórdico de Síntomas Musculoesqueléticos (QNSO), para evaluar las lesiones y los síntomas causados por el Parkour, respectivamente. Resultados: La edad promedio de los participantes de la investigación fue 25,44 años y el índice de masa corporal fue 23,48 kg/m2. El valor promedio del número de lesiones musculoesqueléticas fue de 3,09, de síntomas musculoesqueléticos en 12 meses fue de 5,44 y de síntomas musculoesqueléticos en los últimos 7 días fue de 3,51. Conclusión: Respecto a las principales lesiones, destacan luxación articular, contusión y esguince, ocurridas en tobillo, rodilla y pie. En cuanto al mecanismo de lesión, el aterrizaje fue el mecanismo más común, seguido de las caídas y los saltos, durante el entrenamiento en tierra, bajo una superficie de concreto.
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Influencia del entrenamiento pliométrico en el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva en el parkour
Autor
Torres Larrea & Romero Frómeta
2021
|
Lecturas: Educación física y deportes
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Entrenamiento, Pliometría, Fuerza explosiva, Parkour
Resumen
El estudio propone valorar las adaptaciones inducidas por un programa de entrenamiento pliométrico y cómo repercute sobre la dirección del entrenamiento denominada como fuerza explosiva en distintos atletas practicantes de Parkour, para lo cual se realizó un estudio muestra con un total de 25 atletas (n=25; edad=28,5±10,5 años; peso=63±11 kg), género masculino. La investigación se llevó a cabo con un grupo que realizo el programa de entrenamiento pliométrico durante ocho semanas (20 sesiones). Se realizaron cuatro test de saltabilidad para la valoración de la fuerza explosiva, para obtener una valoración inicial y final al terminar el programa. Los test que se aplicaron: test de salto de longitud sin carrera de impulso, test de salto de longitud con un paso de carrera de impulso, test de salto de longitud con tres pasos de carrera de impulso, test de saltabilidad vertical, para procesarlos y realizar una valoración del efecto de la fuerza explosiva del tren inferior de los distintos atletas de Parkour. En los atletas se produjo una mejora significativa en la prueba de salto sin carrera de impulso (p=0,000), el salto con un paso (p=0,000) y con tres pasos de carrera de impulso (p=0,000), mientras que en la prueba de saltabilidad vertical el grado de significancia no llegó a los valores que se esperaba (p=0,065). Se concluyó que a grandes rasgos la fuerza explosiva es directamente proporcional a la realización de un entrenamiento pliométrico con una duración de ocho semanas.
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Choreographic techniques for human bodies in weightlessness
Autor
Dipert
2021
|
Acta Astronautica
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Moment of inertia, Rotation, Human body, Dance, Movement control, Weightlessness
Resumen
Microgravity environments present unique movement and perceptual challenges which are most appropriately explored by movement professional. The high cost of microgravity and space endeavors place utilization of the time in those environments at a premium. We have identified techniques which can be practiced on Earth to increase competence of motion and develop a deeper understanding of reorientation of the human body in microgravity. This research has focused on understanding strategies for planning and executing specific movements, which can be explored in precise and low cost ways. A simulator was coded to explore the dynamics of the human body, which allows for visual and numeric calculations of the body’s moment of inertia eigenvectors and center of mass in a variety of positions. The maneuvers were explored with dance, circus, and parkour artists through the use of parabolic flights, pools, and aerial harnesses.
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Effects of Functional Movement Skills on Parkour Speed-Run Performance
Autor
Strafford et al.
2021
|
Eur J Sport Sci
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Parkour speed-runs require performers (known as Traceurs) to negotiate obstacles with divergent properties such as angles, inclinations, sizes, surfaces, and textures in the quickest way possible. The quicker the run, the higher the performer is ranked. Performance in Parkour speed-runs may be regulated through Parkour Traceurs' basic movement skill capacities given the physical requirements of the event. This study examined what functional movement skills correlate with Parkour speed-run performance. Nineteen male Parkour Traceurs undertook a physical testing battery inclusive of: agility T-test, maximal grip strength test, and maximal vertical and horizontal jumps across several jump modalities. For the speed-run, Parkour Traceurs navigated an indoor Parkour installation. Pearson's correlation analyses (r) revealed that agility T-test performance showed a significant negative correlation with Parkour speed-run performance, whereas standing long jump and counter movement jump (with and without arm swing) were significantly positively correlated with Parkour speed-run performance. Concurrent with the intrinsically-linked building blocks in the Athletic Skills Model, the data from the present study suggest that performance in Parkour-speed-runs are underpinned by functional movement skills (jumping, running; arm swinging) and conditions of movement (agility), all of which encapsulate elements of basic motor properties (speed; strength). From a practical perspective, the agility T-test, standing long jump, and counter movement jump without and without arm swing can form a basic battery to evaluate the physical effects of Parkour speed-run interventions on functional movement skills.
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Effect of Eight Weeks Plyometric Training on Some Kinematic Parameters, Horizontal Jumping Power, Agility, and Body Composition in Elite Parkour Athletes
Autor
Abdolrasoul Daneshjoo
2020
|
Journal of Sport Biomechanics
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Plyometric exercise, Agility, Kinematics, Horizontal jump, Parkour
Resumen
Objective: A high correlation between lower limb explosive power and muscular strength, production of high power levels in the shortest time, and high level of agility are essential to achieve optimal performance in Parkour. It seems that polymetric exercises can make it possible to achieve the highest performance. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week plyometric exercise program on knee kinematic parameters, body composition, agility and horizontal jumping power of Parkour athletes.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design, 20 elite Parkour athletes aged 19-26 years were selected and randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=10) and control (n=10). The exercise group carried out the program for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each for one hour. Before and after exercise, measurements of kinematic parameters of knee, agility, and horizontal jumping power, and body composition in subjects were performed. The collected data were analyzed using t-test considering a significant level of P≤0.05.
Results: Plyometric exercise for eight weeks had a significant effect on knee kinematic parameters of Parkour athletes (P=0.003) and significantly improved their horizontal jump, agility and reduced body fat percentage (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Plyometric exercise can significantly improve kinematic parameters of the knee, increase the jumping power and agility, and reduce body fat percentage in Parkour athletes; however, since Parkour movements are very similar to plyometric exercises, more study is needed.
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Cortical and spinal excitabilities are differently balanced in power athletes(
Autor
Grosprêtre et al.
2020
|
European Journal of Sport Science
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
H-reflex; PARKOUR; freerunning; motor evoked potential; transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Resumen
It is recognised that power-sport practices have a particular effect on lower-limb neuromuscular parameters. Less is known about corticospinal network adaptation, however, or whether these adaptations are specific to the lower limb. In the present study, the corticospinal and spinal excitabilities of upper and lower limbs have been examined in a group of untrained participants (UT, n = 10) and compared to those of a group of well-trained athletes practicing parkour (PK, n = 10). This activity, consisting of overcoming obstacles offered by the urban environment, was chosen as a model of power activity. The motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulations and H-reflexes and maximal M-waves evoked by peripheral nerve stimulations were elicited in both upper- (flexor carpi radialis [FCR]) and lower-limb muscles (soleus [SOL] and gastrocnemius medialis [GM]). The results tended toward an overall greater corticospinal excitability in PK than in UT (as evidenced by greater MEP/Mmax ratio) and lower spinal excitability (lower Hmax/Mmax). H/MMAX ratio was lower for PK (0.32) than for UT (0.41) in SOL (p = 0.02), while MEP/MMAX was greater for PK than for UT in FCR (PK: 0.12; UT: 0.06; P = 0.04) and in GM (PK: 0.05, UT: 0.03, P = 0.02). In both limbs, the decrease of spinal excitability induced by parkour practice was counterbalanced by an increase in cortical excitability. Finally, the present study indicates that such long-term power practice leads to similar corticospinal plasticity in upper and lower limbs, explained by the similar solicitation of those muscles.
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Luxation sous talienne interne pure ouverte: à propos d´un cas
Autor
Mmai
2020
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PAMJ Clinical Medicine
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Francés
Palabras clave
Luxation, sous talienne interne, accident de sport
Resumen
La luxation sous talienne est une lésion traumatique rare du pied dans laquelle le calcanéum et l'os naviculaire sont déplacés par rapport au talus qui conserve sa position normale au sein de la mortaise de la cheville. Elle doit être considérer comme une urgence thérapeutique, et aucun traitement n´est spécifique à cette lésion Les auteurs rapportent un cas de luxation sous talienne interne pure ouverte stade 2 de Gustillo et Anderson suite à un accident de sport: Parkour. Le patient a bénéficié d´une réduction urgente suivie d´une stabilisation avec arthroryse par deux broches calcanéo-astragaliennes et deux broches talo-naviculaires, et d´une immobilisation pendant six semaines. Après un recul de 12 mois, les résultats fonctionnels étaient satisfaisants.
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Designing Parkour-style training environments for athlete development: insights from experienced Parkour Traceurs
Autor
Strafford et al.
2020
|
Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
afordances, athletic development, Athletic Skills Model, donor sport, free running
Resumen
Contemporary models of motor learning implicate the value of Parkour-style training as an activity to enrich athletic performance in different sports. We explored Parkour Traceurs’ experiential knowledge on the range of physical, perceptual, psychological and social skills that they perceive to be developed during Parkour practice and performance. We also investigated their recommendations on how to design Parkour practice to facilitate the development of foundational performance behaviours. Experienced male Parkour Traceurs (n = 14) were interviewed using an open-ended, semi-structured approach, with a two-stage thematic analysis being conducted to identify themes. The analysis identified two dimensions: Skills Developed Through Parkour and Recommendations for Designing Parkour Training Environments. Parkour Traceurs outlined numerous physical (locomotor skills; endurance; strength; agility; balance), perceptual (multi-limb coordination; control precision; rate control; response orientation), psychological (problem-solving; stress relief; self-efficacy; risk management) and social (networking; initiative; social perceptiveness; receptiveness to feedback) capacities and skills that could be augmented through Parkour training. Parkour Traceurs explained how indoor Parkour environments should promote creative and exploratory movement behaviours that enable physical conditioning, whilst enhancing decision-making and action functionality. Responses suggest that these aims are often achieved by designing a modular practice landscape where Parkour Traceurs manipulate the spacing, orientation and angles of bars and wall set-ups to facilitate the development of different perceptual, cognitive and physical skills. In conclusion, this study provides insights on how affordances offered by a Parkour environment could be integrated into practice to enhance athlete self-regulation and transfer of functional behaviours to team sport performance.
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Kinematic Analyses of Parkour Landings from as High as 2.7 Meters
Autor
Dai et al.
2020
|
Journal of Human Kinetics
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
jump-landing, impact, injury, performance, lower extremities
Resumen
Developing effective landing strategies has implications for both injury prevention and performance training. The purpose was to quantify the kinematics of Parkour practitioners' landings from three heights utilizing four techniques. Seventeen male and three female Parkour practitioners landed from 0.9, 1.8, and 2.7 m utilizing the squat, forward, roll, and stiff landing techniques when three-dimensional kinematics were collected. The stiff landing demonstrated the shortest landing time, and the roll landing showed the longest landing time for 1.8 and 2.7 m. Roll landings demonstrated the greatest forward velocities at initial contact and at the end of the landing. Stiff landings showed the greatest changes in vertical velocity during the early landing, while roll landings showed the least changes for 0.9 and 1.8 m. Both roll and stiff landings generally resulted in decreased changes in horizontal velocity during the early landing compared to squat and forward landings. The four landing techniques also demonstrated different lower extremity joint angles. Stiff landings may increase injury risk because of the quick decrease of vertical velocities. Roll landings allow individuals to decrease vertical and horizontal velocities over a longer time, which is likely to decrease the peak loading imposed on the lower extremities.
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Parkour and Intrinsic Motivation: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Self-Determination Theory in an Emerging Youth Sport
Autor
Carson & Larsen
2020
|
University of California
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Physical activity is important for improving lifelong health and wellness, yet only a quarter of US children meet physical activity guidelines. Highly competitive youth sports may impact youth dropout and providing alternative options to be active may be a solution. Self-Determination Theory, a psychological theory around the idea of intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation, is an underutilized framework that may be helpful in addressing this issue. We employed a mixed method design to understand how Parkour, an emerging youth sport, may better address psychological needs as defined by Self-Determination Theory. Cross-sectional survey data from 38 children/adolescents (ages 7-17) enrolled in Parkour versus other sports were compared, and 15 of the Parkour participants were individually interviewed to gain a deeper understanding. There were significant differences between the two groups for their motivations and physical activity habits, and the addition of the qualitative data illustrates the potential advantages of Parkour to reach children who may be otherwise uninterested. This study provides an important background for future research into Parkour that has thus far been limited.
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