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HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES
sociología - antropología - filosofía - historia - derecho - etc.
Le Parkour. Effective (Um-)Wege in postfordistichen Stadtlandschaften
Autor
Termeer
2017
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Berliner Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Alemán
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Parkour v mezích materiality
Autor
Ondřej
2017
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Západočeská univerzita v Plzni
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Checo
Palabras clave
Resumen
The author, in his diploma thesis examines the relationship between parkour and materiality, through the observation of a small group of traceurs, research on the internet and a discourse analysis of a set of videos. Parkour and all its features, its specific form, are achieved through associations (mutual relationships) of the various actors - the traceurs, the space and the shoes traceurs wear. Parkour exists within the limits of materiality, it is influenced by it – materiality has the ability to act in relation to traceurs (parkour). Traceurs are aware of the surfaces and their attributes. For example, they care about what kinds of sole their shoes have and how „grippy“ it is (how much it slides on different surfaces etc.). Traceurs are also aware of the impact of certain moves on their body in relations to materials, height, distance etc.
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The Aesthetic and Philosophical Integration of Parkour with Bartenieff Release-Based Modern Dance
Autor
Spongberg
2017
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Dance Department Best Student Papers
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Governing bodies or managing freedom? Subcultural struggles, national sport systems and the glocalised institutionalisation of parkour
Autor
Sterchele & Ferrero Camoletto
2017
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International Journal of Sport Policy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Lifestyle sports, institutionalisation, authenticity, teaching/coaching qualifications, glocalisation, Italian sport system
Resumen
Whilst being the world’s fastest growing informal sport, parkour is also undergoing a gradual institutionalisation which is shaped differently by each national context’s specific sport system. We investigate this glocalised process by examining the subcultural tensions and power struggles it generates within the Italian parkour community. Whereas in other countries parkour practitioners (the so-called traceur/traceuses) have managed to gain public recognition by forming a specific and independent National Governing Body, in Italy they are gradually affiliating with different Sport Promotion Bodies (Enti di Promozione Sportiva), the distinctive umbrella organisations which compete for the provision of sport-for-all within the country. Through a qualitative mixed-method approach based on focus groups, individual interviews and the analysis of ethnographic and documentary material, we explore the institutionalisation of Italian parkour by focusing on the controversies surrounding the introduction of teaching standards and qualifications, which is becoming a battlefield for competing authenticity claims based on different visions and interpretations of parkour. Our study shows how sport policymakers become influential agents in this authentication process and calls for future comparative analysis of their role in the local re-contextualisation of highly globalised practices.
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Parkour as acrobatics: an existential phenomenological study of movement in parkour
Autor
Aggerholm & Højbjerre Larsen
2017
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Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
acrobatics, embodiment, motor intentionality, parkour, henomenology
Resumen
The aim of this paper is to pursue a novel understanding of parkour. Through an existential phenomenological analysis based on the phenomenology of embodiment and spatiality found in Merleau-Ponty and drawing on Sloterdijk’s philosophical account of acrobatics, we will examine the bodily experience of practitioners in parkour and analyse their process of practising and performing tricks as an acrobatic movement phenomenon. The practitioners use three central terms to describe this process: challenge, break and clean. We use these terms to frame the analysis of how the practitioners are bodily related to what is not yet possible (challenge), how they repeat towards making new tricks possible (break) and how they perfect their bodily experience of moving (clean). Parkour as acrobatics describes the circular and vertical process of revising and refining one’s bodily relation to the world, through which practitioners are continuously attracted to new challenging moves and carve out new possible movements for themselves and others.
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The social benefits of informal and lifestyle sports. A research agenda
Autor
Gilchrist & Wheaton
2017
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International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Understanding sport through the lens of social benefit has become a mainstay of sport policy analysis. A wealth of research has considered how sport contributes to achieving wider social benefits, including improvements to health and well-being, life satisfaction, crime reduction, community cohesion and activism, environmental stewardship, educational attainment, labour market participation, civic renewal, urban regeneration and developing youth (Coalter 2007, Oughton and Tacon 2007, Brookes and Wiggan 2009). Over the decades governments and policymakers have advocated the use of traditional or mainstream sports for combating a range of social ‘problems’, from youth disengagement to poor health. Most recently, fears about rising levels of inactivity and obesity, particularly amongst children, are increasingly driving sports-based interventions and the question of sport’s capacity to deliver public policy outcomes.
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In the eyes and legs: Use and representation of space in new urban cultures
Autor
Genova
2016
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Rivista Geografica Italiana
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Since the Sixties a growing set of sports different from traditional ones has appeared. Still nowadays one of the main distinctive elements of the two categories of sports is the relationship with the space, namely the use of weakly organized portions of space, and in particular of not-reserved places, by the new sports. Aim of this article is an in-depth analysis of the relationship between practitioners and the space, focusing on new urban sports, and in particular on two: Parkour and skateboard. By considering the practitioners' sensitivities and their perspectives, the article aims then at identifying an efficient interpretation of the relationship which skaters and traceurs develop with urban territory and with its places.
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Y los Libres del Sur responden: La práctica del Parkour en Avellaneda como caso de análisis de los modos de reproducción social
Autor
Schargorodsky
2016
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Cartografías del Sur
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Prácticas corporales, violencia simbólica, procesos de institucionalización, procesos de escolarización
Resumen
El siguiente trabajo intenta aportar a un análisis de las lógicas de reproducción social, haciendo foco en una práctica específica situada, el Parkour en la ciudad de Avellaneda. El Parkour puede pensarse como una práctica disruptiva respecto de ciertos modos estipulados de habitar lo urbano. Sin embargo, esto no lo exime de reproducir algunas lógicas de reproducción social. Puntualmente en Avellaneda se ha conformado la Asociación Civil Deportiva “Libres del Sur Parkour” y, estrechamente vinculada a ella, la Escuela Municipal de Parkour. Observaremos los procesos de institucionalización y escolarización, y las operatorias de violencia simbólica, aun en la conformación de sentidos dominantes contrarios a los dominantes en la sociedad. Por otra parte, veremos al Estado ampliando sus límites (al punto de incluir lo “alternativo” en lo “oficial”) y al mismo tiempo flexibilizando sus lógicas y regulaciones.
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'Taking back the streets': The return of the pedestrian to Parisian urban space
Autor
Mullen
2016
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Universidad de California
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo fin de grado/máster o similar
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
This dissertation is concerned with the Parisian street as a contemporary site of the adoption and contestation of French Republican values by the French State and pedestrians through iterations of street culture. Street culture is a dynamic entity whose properties and norms depend largely on the society in which it is generated. It evolves as those who use the streets, and not merely those who exert power over them, alter their behaviors there, and it also responds to changes that occur to the material sites themselves. This project examines how public spaces in Paris, as lieux de m�moire of significant cultural meaning and importance, have come to be viewed as conduits of a particular and problematic French “Republican” ideal: a universalized notion of equality and secularism. I analyze major spatial changes made to the city in the 19th and 20th centuries that dislocated pedestrians from the streets and discuss how, since 2000, the Parisian government has consequently promoted a rhetoric of “returning the streets” to pedestrians. I explore ways in which the Parisian government and pedestrians themselves have sought to “take back the streets” for foot traffic, and I consider the varying motivations behind those efforts. Specifically, I investigate massive state-sponsored renovations of significant Parisian spaces and the revival of street events as efforts to realize the goal of returning pedestrians to the streets, and thus to the site of the transmission of Republican values. I also examine the inversion of “returning” the streets to pedestrians through pedestrian-motivated initiatives to “take back” the streets. I explore the conceptual, embodied, and artistic practices that pedestrians utilize in Parisian urban spaces to challenge the narrative of cultural assimilation imposed on them by those spaces. Those practices include subjective mapping; physically tracing space in the city through the playful and ephemeral activities of rollerblading and parkour; and the creation and implementation of street art, all of which promote a street culture based on the formation of social bonds.
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Determining The Social and Psychological Reasons for The Emergence of Parkour and Free Running – An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis
Autor
Wallace & Kilili
2016
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International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, free running, self-improvement, endurance, discipline, strength, Flexibility and balance.
Resumen
Parkour and free running are newly emerged high risk urbanised activities still relatively understudied. They don’t appear to be subject to rules and regulations with aims and objectives being unclear. There are no distinct signs of competition and yet competitors are extremely trained, highly ordered, thriving on the danger and adrenaline participation produces. The participants perform dangerous gymnastic movements utilising awkward obstacles without the use of protective clothing and don’t appear to be concerned with the welfare of people in the vicinity. The activities are associated with self-improvement, endurance, discipline, strength, flexibility and balance. Parkour and free running videos are frequently posted on the self-broadcast website, YouTube. Here participants can be seen leaping from high buildings, climbing walls and jumping between handrails. This study presents the results of a phenomenological study of eight parkour and free running participants. A systematic IPA procedure was incorporated into the study to enter into a participant’s reality to obtain experiences of parkour and free running.
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Undisciplined spaces Lifestyle sports and sport-for-all policies in Italy
Autor
Sterchele et al.
2017
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Lifestyle Sports and Public Policy
Tipo de publicación
Capítulo de libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
In the last decades, parkour as an urban bodily practice has gained an extraordinary visibility in the global sportscape, thanks to its precocious mediatisation in blockbuster movies and documentaries, in internet video channels like Youtube, on websites and on social networks. In Italy, too, it has rapidly become popular among young people. The chapter examines the role of UISP (Unione Italiana Sport per Tutti, Sport-for-All Italian Union), the largest Italian sport-for-all organisation, in the diffusion and legitimation of parkour within the Italian context, which also becomes a way for UISP to legitimise itself as the hegemonic promoter of new/alternative sports in Italy. UISP managed to incorporate into its organisation a large portion of the parkour scene: in 2013 about 70 parkour groups and 1,400 traceurs were formally affiliated, including some of the most active parkour groups in the national landscape
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Parkour and the City: Risk, masculinity, and meaning in a postmodern sport
Autor
Kidder
2017
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Rutgers University Press
Tipo de publicación
Libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Risk and benefits in lifestyle sports: parkour, law and social value
Autor
Gilchrist & Osborn
2017
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International Journal of Sport Policy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Risks, ports law, lifestyle sport, liability, social benefit, parkour
Resumen
This paper examines the interrelationship between law and lifestyle sports, viewed through the lens of parkour. We argue that the literature relating to legal approaches to lifestyle sport is currently underdeveloped. Law is viewed as a largely negative presence, seen particularly in terms of the ways in which counter-cultural activities are policed and regulated, where such activities are perceived to be transgressive and undesirable. We argue that this is a somewhat unsophisticated take on how the law can operate, with law constructed as an outcome of constraints to behaviour (where the law authorises or prohibits), distinct from the legal contexts, environments and spaces in which these relationships occur. We examine specifically the interrelationship between risk and benefit and how the law recognises issues of social utility or value, particularly within the context of lifestyle sport. A case study is provided of the employment of claims to social value present in the advancing institutionalisation of parkour in the United Kingdom. Through the case study, the paper seeks to foreground a more nuanced position that moves away from user-centred constructions of law as an imposition toward an appreciation of how the law can be used to support and extend claims to space.
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Body consciousness in modern urban surroundings. Freerunning and parkour
Autor
Petri
2017
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Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Autor
Saraví
2017
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Cadernos de Formacao RBCE
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Portugués
Palabras clave
Lógica interna; Prácticas corporales urbanas; Taller.
Resumen
Este texto es el producto de una actividad académica llevada adelante bajo el formato pedagógico de taller, donde hemos utilizado como eje de análisis de las prácticas corporales urbanas el concepto lógica interna (PARLEBAS, 1981, 2001), en este caso tomando como ejemplo el skate y el parkour. A través del desarrollo de esta experiencia, y utilizando como marco teórico la Praxiología Motriz, se intentaron brindar algunas herramientas para la interpretación y la comprensión de los modos de funcionamiento de prácticas corporales. El objetivo del taller fue asimismo indagar en como esto puede potencialmente facilitar la enseñanza (y/o su entrenamiento) en el campo de la Educación Física de este tipo de disciplinas.
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Etnografía del teatro popular: "un estudio sobre la aproximación a los espacios comunitarios y la producción material mediante el teatro"
Autor
Morales
2017
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Universidad del Valle
Tipo de publicación
Tesis doctoral o similar
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Etnografía, Teatro popular, Espacio público, Procesos sociales, creación artística
Resumen
Este proyecto surge de un interés por articular las disciplinas del arte y el diseño con el fin de documentar procesos sociales a través de la práctica de las artes integradas. Presenta una caracterización de los espacios comunitarios a través de la práctica teatral y su estrecha relación con la producción material y la dinámica social de una comunidad determinada. Llevando a cabo una investigación etnográfica mediante un estudio de caso que permite establecer las relaciones planteadas entre la práctica artística, el espacio y la comunidad.
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‘Look at what we can do with all the broken stuff!’ Youth agency and sporting creativity in sites of war, conflict and disaster
Autor
Thorpe
2016
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Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Youth, action sports for development, agency, conflict and post-disaster, sport for development
Resumen
Too often youth are considered ‘victims’ in sites of war, conflict and disaster, with little consideration for their perspectives and ability to develop culturally specific responses to such conditions and events. Thus, unique forms of youth agency, creativity and resourcefulness continue to be overlooked. This paper adopts an interdisciplinary, multi-scale approach to reveal examples of youth agency and sporting creativity within local contexts of conflict and post-disaster, and signals important considerations for Sport for Development and Peace organisations working in such locations. Examining the different scales at which youth are engaging with informal, non-competitive action sports (i.e. skateboarding, parkour) in sites of conflict and disaster, this paper consists of three parts: (1) youth agency in sites of conflict, (2) youth agency in sites of post-disaster, and (3) transnational corporations use of action sports for ‘cause marketing’ in contexts of ‘disaster capitalism’. Each section offers insights from a series of on-going case studies (including interviews, media analysis and digital ethnography) in the post-disaster zones of Christchurch and New Orleans, and conflict zone of Palestine. In so doing, this paper offers a critical examination of the fluid and dynamic nature of youth agency and everyday politics in disrupted and dangerous geographies, but ultimately advocates the need to locate such initiatives within the broader flows of power, which are never neutral, equal or consistent.
URL
Youth-driven tactics of public space appropriation in Hanoi: The case of skateboarding and parkour
Autor
Geertman et al.
2016
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Pacific Affairs
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Starting in the 2000s, there has been a rise in youth-led appropriation of public spaces in Hanoi, Vietnam. Through case studies of skateboarders and traceurs (practitioners of parkour) in two of the city's formal public spaces, we explore and analyze the tactics deployed by these young urbanites to claim a part of the characteristically overcrowded and socio-politically restrictive public spaces of the Vietnamese capital. These case studies show that, by seeking to access public spaces for their new activities, skaters and traceurs have had to confront multiple sets of rules, imposed by not only the state, but also corporate actors and resident-driven surveillance. We find that skateboarders and traceurs deal with these forms of control largely through small-scale, non-ideological, and non-confrontational tactics. As a result, these youth practices have become normalized in Hanoi's public spaces. These findings broaden the discourses on everyday urbanism and social-political transformations in post-socialist urban contexts, and shed light on the ways in which contemporary youths engage with the city.
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La disciplina del desplazamiento. un recurso para la escena contemporánea
Autor
Paulín & Álvarez
2016
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MAGOTZI Boletín Científico de Artes del IA
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Displazement, Inercia, Parkour, Art de déplacement, Naranja-Escena, Disciplina del Desplazamiento, Escena contemporánea.
Resumen
La Disciplina del Desplazamiento, nació durante los años ochenta, en los barrios que se encuentran alrededor de París. La práctica surgió gracias a un grupo de jóvenes de clase media-baja que se juntaban y utilizaban las estructuras urbanas como un medio para ejercitarse, moverse y divertirse, ya que no tenían la posibilidad de pagar un gimnasio. El practicante que desee ejercerla necesita adquirir ciertas habilidades y trabajar sobre ciertos aspectos, mismos que pueden aprovecharse como herramientas para las artes escénicas. Con esto no se busca decir que esta disciplina deba trasladarse directo al escenario, lo interesante resulta de la aplicación de sus herramientas para la construcción de un sincretismo que lo enriquezca. Paralelamente, la Disciplina del Desplazamiento es una vía alterna que genera conocimiento para comprender el proceso actoral de una manera más sintética y violenta; violenta, porque el proceso se condensa. Mientras en el teatro un actor puede alegar o justificar su desempeño, mentir y/o mantenerse en un lugar cómodo, para el practicante de esta disciplinano existe esa posibilidad, ya que se traduce en un accidente inminente.
URL
Breaking the jump: the secret story of parkour's high-flying rebellion
Autor
Angel
2016
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Aurum Press
Tipo de publicación
Libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
From its humble origins in the backstreets and rooftops of Paris's urban jungle, to the tops of London and New York's skyscrapers, Parkour, has become an adrenaline-fuelled implosion on the urban landscape. But more than a sport that most jaw-dropped onlookers can hardly comprehend, Parkour is an exploration of movement and a return to our body's natural ability to run, jump, hang and move with fluidity. For the first time, Julie Angel tells the story of Parkour's beginnings - the diverse, intriguing and unusual characters who went to the rooftops, hung off the stairwells and drain pipes as they trained through the night, often risking their lives and created something that has become a worldwide phenomenon. Breaking the Jumpÿtells the unknown story behind Parkour's rise, and asks what is it that drives those who stand on the edge and think `go'.
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