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The Application of an Ecological Dynamics Approach to the Athletic Development of Youth Basketball Players: The Use of Parkour to Develop Fundamental Movement Skills
Autor
Williams
2024
|
University of Essex
Tipo de publicación
Tesis doctoral o similar
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Fundamental movement skills Sports specific skills
Resumen
Youth athletic development models emphasise the development of fundamental movement skills (FMS) in preadolescent children before sports specific skills (SSS). However, in sports such as basketball, FMS and SSS are not necessarily separate. An alternative perspective, based on the ecological dynamics framework, suggests that sports can be used to develop transferable FMS and SSS concurrently. Parkour has been proposed as a donor sport to enhance movement skills and capabilities transferable to team sports athletes like basketball, although further research is needed. This research investigates parkour’s potential as a donor sport for youth basketball players from an ecological dynamics perspective. Based upon a meta-analysis of bodyweight-only neuromuscular training programmes on motor control in youth athletes aged 8-18 years and basketball coaches’ perceptions of FMS, a narrative review explored parkour’s role in developing adaptable movement skills. A cross-sectional study compared the biomechanical properties of the parkour tic-tac skill and the basketball lay-up shot, revealing that the parkour action resulted in significantly higher maximum acceleration, suggesting it could enhance propulsive capabilities of the lower limb. Two intervention studies examined parkour’s effects on youth basketball players, revealing that although parkour did not outperform conventional athletic development training, it promoted greater engagement and enjoyment. Thus, parkour may effectively increase movement skills and physical capabilities whilst keeping young players motivated. Parkour offers a diverse repertoire of movement, which may be particularly beneficial for preadolescent players, potentially reducing the risks of single-sport specialisation while enhancing basketball-specific performance. For adolescent basketball players, parkour-based exercises could be included into strength and conditioning (S&C) programmes to improve transferable physical capabilities. By adopting the ecological dynamics framework, organisations and governing bodies responsible for the long-term development of youth basketball players can create more effective training strategies that combine motor learning, performance, and athletic development.
URL
Beyond athletic development: The effects of parkour-based versus conventional neuromuscular exercises in pre-adolescent basketball players
Autor
Williams et al.
2023
|
Plos One
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a parkour-based warm-up to a conventional neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up on the athletic capabilities of youth basketball players. This was examined through two arms: In Investigation 1, the aims were to measure the effects of the two warm-ups on physical measures of athletic performance in prepubescent basketball players. Using post-intervention semi-structured interviews, Investigation 2 aimed to gain insights from the players in relation to the perceived benefits of the two warm-ups. Pre-adolescent children were recruited from two youth level basketball teams. Participants from one club were randomly assigned to either a conventional NMT warm-up group or a parkour warm-up group, while a control group was formed of participants from the second club. Participants of both experimental groups were required to complete a 15-minute warm-up once per week before their regular basketball practice across 8-weeks. For both groups, the coach adopted the same pedagogical approach, utilising a guided discovery strategy. Pre-post test measures of overhead squat performance, countermovement jump, and 10-metre sprint speed were recorded in all three groups. Additionally, pre-post measures were recorded for a timed parkour-based obstacle course for the two experimental groups. No significant between-group differences were found between pre- and post-test measures. However, analysis using Cohen's d effect sizes revealed improvements in both intervention groups versus the control. Moreover, between group effect size differences were observed between the two experimental groups. Following the intervention, participants from both experimental groups were also invited to take part in a post-intervention semi-structured interview to discuss their experiences. The thematic analysis of these semi-structured interviews revealed three higher order themes: Enjoyment; Physical literacy; and Docility; of which the two former themes appear to align to constructs relating to the wider concept of physical literacy. In summary, warm-ups designed to improve athleticism can include less structured and more diverse movement skills than are typical of conventional NMT warm-ups. Specifically, we provide evidence that advocates for warm ups that include parkour-related activities alongside conventional NMT exercises to preserve physical fitness qualities and to simultaneously evoke a sense of enjoyment, fun, and purpose. The benefit of such activities may extend beyond athletic development and, more broadly, contribute to the development of physical literacy.
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Feasibility of Parkour-style training in team sport practice: A Delphi study
Autor
Strafford et al.
2022
|
Journal of Sports Sciences
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Coaching; learning; parkour training; pedagogy; talent development
Resumen
Research has suggested Parkour-style training could act as a donor sport for athlete development in team sports. This study aimed to interrogate expert consensus on the feasibility of integrating Parkour-style training into team sport practice, by employing a three-round, online Delphi method. Talent development and strength and conditioning coaches working in team sport settings were invited to participate. Twenty-four coaches completed Round One, 21 completed Round Two and 20 completed Round Three. In Round One, coaches answered 15 open-ended questions across four categories: (1) General Perceptions of Parkour-style training; (2) Potential Applications of Parkour-style training; (3) Designing and Implementing Parkour-style training Environments; and (4), Creating an Inclusive Learning Environment. Responses from Round One were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis with deductive and inductive coding resulting in 78 statements across three dimensions (Application of Parkour Style Training in Team Sports; Designing and Implementing Parkour-style training Environments; Overcoming Potential Barriers when Integrating Parkour-style training). In Rounds Two and Three, coaches rated these statements using a four-point Likert scale and measures of collective agreement or disagreement were calculated. This study established consensus around a set of design principles for integrating Parkour-style training into team sport practice routines.
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Building a special fatigue index for advanced parkour gymnasts
Autor
Hussein Tobeel
2022
|
Al-rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Árabe
Palabras clave
fatigue index, parkour gymnastics, advanced students.
Resumen
The aim of the search is to: - Building a special fatigue index test for advanced parkour gymnasts. -Establishing standards and standards for testing the fatigue index of advanced parkour gymnasts. The descriptive approach was used by the survey method, and the research community consisted of advanced parkour gymnastics players in the city of Mosul, who numbered (65) players, and the research sample was (50) players, representing (77%) of the total research community. The researcher built the fatigue index test for parkour gymnastics by following the scientific procedures, and the statistical bag (Spss) was used, and the following conclusions were reached: The fatigue index test for advanced parkour gymnasts was built and proved its effectiveness. -Standards and standards have been set for the test that has been built. The researcher recommended: -Using the Special Fatigue Index test in evaluating the anaerobic ability, and the fatigue index for advanced parkour gymnasts. -Emphasis on researchers and trainers when measuring the specific fatigue index in parkour gymnastics on measuring the heart rate and the level of lactate in the blood. Keywords : fatigue index, parkour gymnastics, advanced students.
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Training habits and lower limb injury prevention in parkour practitioners
Autor
Grosprêtre & El Khattabi
2022
|
Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Freeruning, knee, ankle, sprain
Resumen
Parkour consists of overcoming obstacles mostly in an urban landscape. Little is known regarding usual training habits and injury risks of traceurs, i.e., parkour practitioners. In this study, a 20-min survey have been fulfilled by a population of traceurs regarding training load, habits (type of warm up, physical conditioning, stretching), type of footwear, and number and type of ankle- and knee-injuries during their career. A total of 180 responses were analyzed (24.4 ± 5.9 years old, 21.7% female, 6.0 ± 3.9 years of experience). Participants reported to train 1 to 7 times per week for a mean duration of 2.2 h. 76% practiced stretching exercises. 75.6% practiced physical conditioning in addition to their parkour training (weightlifting, functional exercises). Injury rate was 1.7 per 1000 h of training, mostly ankle sprains and knee contusions. Number of injury and training load were positively correlated. The lack of physical conditioning was also a factor of injury. Knee injuries have been more frequent on participants wearing minimalist shoes. Although training appears well auto-organized and the injury rate quite low some pitfalls require attention, notably in training planning, warm-up, stretching and conditioning. Building training and coaching methods specific to parkour appears essential.
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Effects of Functional Movement Skills on Parkour Speed-Run Performance
Autor
Strafford et al.
2021
|
Eur J Sport Sci
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Parkour speed-runs require performers (known as Traceurs) to negotiate obstacles with divergent properties such as angles, inclinations, sizes, surfaces, and textures in the quickest way possible. The quicker the run, the higher the performer is ranked. Performance in Parkour speed-runs may be regulated through Parkour Traceurs' basic movement skill capacities given the physical requirements of the event. This study examined what functional movement skills correlate with Parkour speed-run performance. Nineteen male Parkour Traceurs undertook a physical testing battery inclusive of: agility T-test, maximal grip strength test, and maximal vertical and horizontal jumps across several jump modalities. For the speed-run, Parkour Traceurs navigated an indoor Parkour installation. Pearson's correlation analyses (r) revealed that agility T-test performance showed a significant negative correlation with Parkour speed-run performance, whereas standing long jump and counter movement jump (with and without arm swing) were significantly positively correlated with Parkour speed-run performance. Concurrent with the intrinsically-linked building blocks in the Athletic Skills Model, the data from the present study suggest that performance in Parkour-speed-runs are underpinned by functional movement skills (jumping, running; arm swinging) and conditions of movement (agility), all of which encapsulate elements of basic motor properties (speed; strength). From a practical perspective, the agility T-test, standing long jump, and counter movement jump without and without arm swing can form a basic battery to evaluate the physical effects of Parkour speed-run interventions on functional movement skills.
URL
“I am going out!” – lifestyle sports and physical activity in adolescents
Autor
Janeckova et al.
2021
|
BMC Public Health
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Self-organized activities, Unstructured leisure, Sedentary behaviour, Youth, Inactivity, Lifestyle
Resumen
Lifestyle sport activities (e.g. parkour or skateboarding) are considered attractive and beneficial for a long-term commitment to physical activity (PA) and might be a great opportunity for adolescents who do not feel comfortable in an organized or competitive atmosphere. The purpose of the study was to assess whether participation in lifestyle activities is associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), out-of-school vigorous physical activity (VPA), and sedentary behaviour in adolescents aged 10–15 years, with major demographic variables (sex, age, socioeconomic status) being taken into account.
URL
Lesiones y síntomas musculoesqueléticos en practicantes de Parkour.
Autor
Silva
2021
|
Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Portugués
Palabras clave
Resumen
Introducción: El parkour es una práctica corporal que consiste en movimientos rápidos, fluidos y eficientes en medio de los obstáculos presentes en un recorrido. Recluta diversas estructuras musculares y articulares del cuerpo, que están sometidas a un entrenamiento intenso y pueden provocar lesiones graves. Objetivo: Verificar las lesiones y síntomas musculoesqueléticos de los practicantes de Parkour, describiendo los tipos de lesión, ubicación anatómica, mecanismos de lesión, momento de la lesión y superficie referida por los participantes. Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo, con 55 traceurs. Los participantes fueron sometidos a la Encuesta de Morbilidad Referida (IMR) y al Cuestionario Nórdico de Síntomas Musculoesqueléticos (QNSO), para evaluar las lesiones y los síntomas causados por el Parkour, respectivamente. Resultados: La edad promedio de los participantes de la investigación fue 25,44 años y el índice de masa corporal fue 23,48 kg/m2. El valor promedio del número de lesiones musculoesqueléticas fue de 3,09, de síntomas musculoesqueléticos en 12 meses fue de 5,44 y de síntomas musculoesqueléticos en los últimos 7 días fue de 3,51. Conclusión: Respecto a las principales lesiones, destacan luxación articular, contusión y esguince, ocurridas en tobillo, rodilla y pie. En cuanto al mecanismo de lesión, el aterrizaje fue el mecanismo más común, seguido de las caídas y los saltos, durante el entrenamiento en tierra, bajo una superficie de concreto.
URL
Parkour – a bridge between motor activities and live-ability practices in the urban jungle
Autor
Mango et al.
2021
|
Journal of Physical Education and Sport
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, urban jungle, movement, environment, Edgework, calculated risk
Resumen
The origin of parkour can be dated back to George Hébert’s studies. It was created in France and quickly spread around the world. This motor discipline is commonly defined as “art du déplacement”, and its aim is to adapt one’s movements to the surrounding environment, both natural and urban. Parkour transforms towns from still and impersonal spaces into places for creativity, learning, and self-knowledge. In fact, a practitioner (before beginning to move) will continuously wonder about his motivations and his physical perceptions, converse with his fears, and look for his psychophysical balance. In 2019, the Italian Ministry of Health invited to consider unstructured activities to promote active life and make individual and collective gratification elements available. With this aim, parkour (as a mainly sensory–motor discipline) is very useful owing to its educational purposes, in particular when children are involved, because their approach to senses is still free from social and family conditioning. Parkour is a movement practice, which requires considerable physical, mental, and emotional training. We discuss the relationship between parkour and edgework (a socio-psychological concept about voluntary risk-taking; Lyng S., 1990) because parkour practitioners are exposed to risks that seem greater than what is socially acceptable. This study analyzes parkour as an outdoor activity, as an expression of flourishing (Nussbaum M, 2007) from the point of view of the urban jungle and as a denunciation of unsuitability of urbanization for the natural needs of the human being. We confirmed that the edgework approach was a very effective tool for practitioners to improve their specific skills and their personal lives. Parkour poses the questions; the practitioner’s aim is to find the answers.
URL
Parkour-Based Activities in the Athletic Development of Youth Basketball Players
Autor
Williams et al.
2021
|
Front Physiol
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
affordance landscape; fundamental movement skills; non-linear pedagogy; strength training; youth athletes.
Resumen
While ideas from long-term athlete development (LTAD) models have been adopted and integrated across different sports, issues related to early specialization, such as increased risk of injury and burnout, are still common. Although some benefits may be associated with early sport specialization, sports sampling is purported to be a more effective approach to the long-term health and wellbeing of children. Furthermore, the concept of developing what are commonly referred to as "fundamental movement skills" (FMS) is central to the rationale for delaying single sports specialization. However, in place of sports sampling, it appears that the practice of strength and conditioning (S&C) has become a driving force behind developmental models for youth athletes, highlighted by the growing body of literature regarding youth athletic development training. In this perspective piece, we explore how conventional S&C practice may insufficiently develop FMS because typically, it only emphasizes a narrow range of foundational exercises that serve a limited role toward the development of action capabilities in youth athletic populations. We further discuss how this approach may limit the transferability of physical qualities, such as muscular strength, to sports-specific tasks. Through an ecological dynamics lens, and using basketball as an example, we explore the potential for parkour-based activity within the LTAD of youth basketball players. We propose parkour as a training modality to not only encourage movement diversity and adaptability, but also as part of an advanced strength training strategy for the transfer of conventional S&C training.
URL
Effects of eliminating visual cues on kinetic and kinematic parameters in back tuck somersault: A comparison between artistic gymnasts and parkour athletes
Autor
Abahnini et al.
2023
|
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
artistic gymnasts; motion analysis; open/closed eyes; parkour athletes; standing back tuck somersault
Resumen
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of vision (i.e., open and closed eyes) on the kinetic and kinematic parameters of the standing back tuck somersault (SBTS) in artistic gymnasts and parkour athletes. Methods: Eleven male parkour athletes (age 22.53±2.36 years; height 1.72±0.08 m; weight 69.58±3.72 kg) and seven male artistic gymnasts (age 21.96±2.64 years; height 1.62±0.02 m; weight 63.54±1.35 kg) participated in this study. Each subject was asked to perform the SBTS in the same condition (i.e., first open-eyes then closed-eyes). 2D kinetic and kinematic analysis was conducted. Results: The results showed significant interaction (i.e., vision and sport) obtained at the take-off angle (p<0.05 and d=1.992), horizontal displacement (p<0.05 and d=1.906), and technical execution (p[removed]0.05). However, the elimination of vision during SBTS only affected parkour athletes (i.e., landing angle, ground reaction force, vertical velocity and technical execution, p[removed]1.20) while artistic gymnasts remain unchanged. Conclusion: We conclude that the specificity of the practice in each of the two sports disciplines influences the kinetic and kinematic control of the SBTS and suggests that with closed-eyes, the integration of afferent information relating to the vestibular and proprioceptive systems is different and specific to each discipline’s goal. Artistic gymnasts seem to be better skilled in the mechanical and technical control of the SBTS than parkour athletes.
URL
The effect of parkour intervention on fourth grade students’ motor, cognitive and social-emotional skills; a mixed methods study
Autor
Yolcu
2023
|
Middle East Technical University
Tipo de publicación
Tesis doctoral o similar
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
adventure education, parkour, motor coordination, divergent thinking, motor creativity
Resumen
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an eight-week parkour intervention based on the adventure education model on fourth-grade students' 1) motor skills, cognitive skills, and social-emotional skills 2) to explore the students' perceptions of the intervention and their overall thoughts about it. The study involved 55 students from three different village schools, with 28 students (Mage=9.63, SD=.60) in the intervention group and 27 (Mage=9.79, SD=.62) in the comparison group. The mixed-method experimental design was used in the study to answer the research questions. Motor coordination, perceived motor competence, divergent thinking, and motor creativity variables were measured using four quantitative data collection tools. Qualitative data were obtained through field notes, semi-structured and group interviews. The intervention group received an eight-week parkour intervention, while the comparison group continued the regular program. The findings showed that students who received parkour intervention based on the adventure education model improved significantly more in motor coordination (p<.001), perceived motor competence (p=.009), fluency in divergent thinking (p<.001), originality in divergent thinking (p=.009) and motor creativity (p=.003) skills after the pre-test data were controlled. The qualitative data from the intervention group supported the quantitative results and provided further insight into the students' experiences. The study concluded that the adventure education model and parkour could be an effective and cost-efficient alternative for achieving physical, social, and cognitive outcomes in physical education and sport, particularly in schools without sports facilities.
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Running in parkour
Autor
Edwardes & Feletti
2022
|
The Running Athlete
Tipo de publicación
Capítulo de libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Sports science. Musculoskeletal system, Injury, Training, Prevention, Physical exercise
Resumen
Parkour is a sport based around overcoming obstacles in one's environment with only the human body's abilities. The activity utilises foundational human locomotion patterns, and running is included in the great majority of parkour movements or between applying unique parkour athletic gestures or motor skills. Moreover, running has specific features in parkour, being widely used on a horizontal surface and oblique or vertical surfaces. Although running was a traditional element within parkour training, younger communities tend to focus more on the aesthetic and explosive movements within parkour and do not typically practice distance running of any sort; running as a skill in itself is practised by only a minority of the parkour community worldwide. There is commonly a non-systematic approach to the training, since most parkour practitioners use programming types known as self-regulating programming and project-based programming. Many benefits from introducing running as a regular practice for parkour participants would support and improve any practitioner's general physical preparation-for example, the increase in speed and power. Running on challenging surfaces, such as ground lines, curbs or rails, may improve movement control and increase the safety margin. Running practice could bring many benefits to injury prevention in parkour by increasing dynamic stability and balance, contralateral coordination and maintaining healthy hip function and range of motion. Trail running may also improve ankle, hip and knee coordination and mobility and postural responsiveness, which directly benefits the variability required in parkour.
URL
El parkour en la potenciación de la fuerza explosiva en adolescentes
Autor
Pérez-Rocha & Cabezas-Flores
2022
|
Polo del Conocimiento: Revista científico - profesional
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Parkour; fuerza explosiva; edades escolares
Resumen
Existe una gran problemática dentro de los salones de clases en donde se puede apreciar que las metodologías que se utilizan en las clases de educación física no siempre pueden ser las correctas, ya que se deja de lado el trabajo de fuerza explosiva, lo que evita que los jóvenes puedan tener los beneficios de desarrollar esta capacidad en edades futuras, existe una alternativa propuesta, que es el trabajo de fuerza con la enseñanza del parkour a los jóvenes, esta disciplina aporta varios beneficios a los estudiantes, como lo son un desarrollo de habilidades motrices, capacidades de fuerza, resistencia y crea una base para cualquier deporte que el estudiante practique o vaya a practicar a futuro, mediante una revisión sistemática, tomándose en cuenta criterios metodológicos, se demuestran que las capacidades desarrolladas al practicar parkour y al mejorar su fuerza explosiva indican que los jóvenes pueden ser aptos para cualquier tipo de deporte que requiera el uso de habilidades corporales. Es importante que se tomen en cuenta el desarrollo de estas habilidades en estas edades escolares junto con el trabajo de desarrollo motriz, ya que son etapas formativas en las que los estudiantes pueden alcanzar sus máximas capacidades, lo que conllevará a una vida activa y saludable. Se puede concluir que con el parkour se puede desarrollar significativamente el trabajo de fuerza explosiva, incluso en más cantidad que realizar entrenamiento de gimnasia o de levantamiento de potencia, por lo que es una alternativa válida para trabajar estas capacidades en los jóvenes.
URL
Influencia del entrenamiento pliométrico en el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva en el parkour
Autor
Torres Larrea & Romero Frómeta
2021
|
Lecturas: Educación física y deportes
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Entrenamiento, Pliometría, Fuerza explosiva, Parkour
Resumen
El estudio propone valorar las adaptaciones inducidas por un programa de entrenamiento pliométrico y cómo repercute sobre la dirección del entrenamiento denominada como fuerza explosiva en distintos atletas practicantes de Parkour, para lo cual se realizó un estudio muestra con un total de 25 atletas (n=25; edad=28,5±10,5 años; peso=63±11 kg), género masculino. La investigación se llevó a cabo con un grupo que realizo el programa de entrenamiento pliométrico durante ocho semanas (20 sesiones). Se realizaron cuatro test de saltabilidad para la valoración de la fuerza explosiva, para obtener una valoración inicial y final al terminar el programa. Los test que se aplicaron: test de salto de longitud sin carrera de impulso, test de salto de longitud con un paso de carrera de impulso, test de salto de longitud con tres pasos de carrera de impulso, test de saltabilidad vertical, para procesarlos y realizar una valoración del efecto de la fuerza explosiva del tren inferior de los distintos atletas de Parkour. En los atletas se produjo una mejora significativa en la prueba de salto sin carrera de impulso (p=0,000), el salto con un paso (p=0,000) y con tres pasos de carrera de impulso (p=0,000), mientras que en la prueba de saltabilidad vertical el grado de significancia no llegó a los valores que se esperaba (p=0,065). Se concluyó que a grandes rasgos la fuerza explosiva es directamente proporcional a la realización de un entrenamiento pliométrico con una duración de ocho semanas.
URL
Choreographic techniques for human bodies in weightlessness
Autor
Dipert
2021
|
Acta Astronautica
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Moment of inertia, Rotation, Human body, Dance, Movement control, Weightlessness
Resumen
Microgravity environments present unique movement and perceptual challenges which are most appropriately explored by movement professional. The high cost of microgravity and space endeavors place utilization of the time in those environments at a premium. We have identified techniques which can be practiced on Earth to increase competence of motion and develop a deeper understanding of reorientation of the human body in microgravity. This research has focused on understanding strategies for planning and executing specific movements, which can be explored in precise and low cost ways. A simulator was coded to explore the dynamics of the human body, which allows for visual and numeric calculations of the body’s moment of inertia eigenvectors and center of mass in a variety of positions. The maneuvers were explored with dance, circus, and parkour artists through the use of parabolic flights, pools, and aerial harnesses.
URL
Understanding children’s preference for park features that encourage physical activity: an adaptive choice based conjoint analysis
Autor
Veitch et al.
2021
|
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Parks are a key setting for physical activity for children. However, little is known about which park features children prefer and which features are most likely to encourage them to be active in parks. This study examined the relative importance of park features among children for influencing their choice of park for engaging in park-based physical activity.
URL
A comparative study of some kinematic variables between the success and failure attempts of the cardiovascular posterior skill of stability in the Basrah Parkour players
Autor
Mohammed & Abdul-Salam
2021
|
Modern Sport
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Árabe
Palabras clave
Parkour, 3D, Kinematics, success and failure.
Resumen
Three-dimensional technology. We can see the athlete’s movements from any angle, for example these angles (back and front of the player as well as the corners of the top or the bottom) and we can measure the real angles of any part of the body as these angles express accuracy in the measurement and represent their true values and we can measure Also accurately accelerate linear, angular and on axes (x,y,z). The aim of this study is to compare the main kinematics factors between success and failure attempts in back somersault standing performance of Basra Parkour players. Four players participated in this study. three cameras were used in this study at a rate of 240 images per second. The success movement and failure movement were selected for each player for a three-dimensional analysis, and through the results, it appeared that the path of the attempt to succeed was longer than the attempt at failure in time. The velocity of the hand segment and the maximum velocity in the attempt to succeed were greater than those of the attempt to fail, and this result was an increase in the velocity of the projectile and an increase in the vertical height of the center of mass. When standing up in Event 2, the amount of flexion of the hip and knee joint angle contributed to the optimal state of advancement and at the peak point the hip and knee joint angle was bent to the maximum to reduce the moment of inertia. At this point, too, the higher parties in the attempt to succeed extended more than those in the attempt at failure.
URL
Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the psychomotor, cognitive, and motor performances of power athletes
Autor
Grosprêtre et al.
2021
|
Sci Rep
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
In sports science, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has many unknown effects on neuromuscular, psychomotor and cognitive aspects. Particularly, its impact on power performances remains poorly investigated. Eighteen healthy young males, all trained in a jumping sport (parkour) performed three experimental sessions: anodal tDCS applied either on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC, cathode in supraorbital area) or on the primary motor cortex (M1, cathode on contralateral shoulder), and a placebo condition (SHAM), each applied for 20 min at 2 mA. Pre and post, maximal vertical and horizontal jumps were performed, associated to leg neuromuscular assessment through electromyography and peripheral nerve stimulations. Actual and imagined pointing tasks were also performed to evaluate fine motor skills, and a full battery of cognitive and psychomotor tests was administered. M1 tDCS improved jump performance accompanied by an increase in supraspinal and spinal excitabilities. dlPFC stimulation only impacted the pointing tasks. No effect on cognitive tests was found for any of the tDCS conditions. To conclude, the type of performance (maximal versus accurate) affected depended upon the tDCS montage. Finally, athletes responded well to tDCS for motor performance while results to cognitive tests seemed unaffected, at least when implemented with the present rationale.
URL
The degree to which traditional play equipment, Parkour play elements, and Aldo van Eyck’s play sculptures have an open function
Autor
Van Der Schaaf et al.
2021
|
European Early Childhood Education Research Journal
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Affordances, open functions, Parkour play elements, traditional play equipment, van Eyck’s play sculptures
Resumen
The concept of open functions was introduced to capture an intended feature of van Eyck’s seminal play sculptures – they do not suggest a specific action. In a recent study, Van der Schaaf, A. L., S. R. Caljouw, and R. Withagen. (2020. “Are Children Attracted to Play Elements with an Open Function?” Ecological Psychology 32: 79–94) aimed to determine the degree of openness of Parkour play elements by asking participants what behavior children will mainly perform on them. In the present study, we used this method to determine the degree of openness of traditional play elements (e.g. a slide), van Eyck’s play sculptures, and Parkour play elements. In addition, we measured the time participants needed to answer the question of what action children will mainly perform on the different elements. We found that generally the Parkour elements have the highest degree of openness. Interestingly, van Eyck’s play elements appeared not to be that open. Moreover, the reaction time proved to be an alternative measure for the degree of openness.
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