top of page
HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES
sociología - antropología - filosofía - historia - derecho - etc.
Lifestyle sport, public policy and youth engagement: Examining the emergence of parkour
Autor
Gilchrist & Wheaton
2011
|
International Journal of Sport Policy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
lifestyle sport, parkour, youth policy, risk, youth, subculture
Resumen
In this article we consider the development of parkour in the South of England and its use in public policy debates and initiatives around youth, physical activity and risk. Based on in-depth qualitative interviews with participants and those involved in the development of parkour in education, sport policy and community-based partnerships, we explore the potential of parkour to engage communities, particularly those traditionally excluded from mainstream sport and physical education provision. We discuss how the perceived success of parkour in these different contexts is related to the culture and ethos of the activity that is more inclusive, anticompetitive and less rule-bound than most traditional sports, and to its ability to provide managed risk-taking. More broadly, the article highlights the emergence of lifestyle sports as tools for policymakers and the potential role these nontraditional, non-institutionalized lifestyle sports can make in terms of encouraging youth engagement, physical health and well-being. Our article therefore contributes to ongoing debates about the (in)ability of traditional sports to meet government targets for sport and physical activity participation.
URL
Cultures urbaines et activités physiques et sportives. La «sportification» du parkour et du street golf comme médiation culturelle
Autor
Lebreton et al.
2010
|
Canadian Review of Sociology
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Francés
Palabras clave
Cultures urbaines, cultures sportives, mediation culturelle, sportification, parkour, street golf, urban culture, sports culture
Resumen
L'article explore le processus de « sportification »– ie. la transformation d'une activité physique en un sport régulé par un ensemble de règles et de normes, légitimées par des institutions de tutelle –à partir de deux pratiques originales que sont le parkour et le street golf. Pour étudier ces pratiques, nous avons croisé les apports de la sociologie urbaine et ceux de la sociologie des sports contemporains en respectant les principes méthodologiques d'une sociologie qualitative. Un premier point porte sur le processus de « sportification » lui‐même, sa définition, ses différentes étapes et le rôle joué par la communication des acteurs concernés sur l'espace public. Cette médiation culturelle nous montre comment le mouvement d'institutionnalisation que représente la « sportification » conduit dans le même temps à une reconfiguration des pratiques physiques elles‐mêmes. Des évènements récents illustrent cette reconfiguration en cours, nous les détaillerons. Enfin, nous montrons les effets produits par le processus sur la définition même des cultures urbaines et sportives : mise en spectacle des activités, collaboration renforcée avec les media‐culturels, polarisation entre différents types de conception et de pratiques, dans le cas du parkour, autour d'une opposition entre deux des fondateurs.
URL
Running across the rooves of empire: Parkour and the postcolonial city
Autor
Marshall
2010
|
Modern and Contemporary France
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
This article examines a common strand of space and power, mediated by comparative notions of empire and its memory. It focuses initially on Quebec City, discussing the relations there between topography and power, in the socio-spatial, including imagined, arrangements that pertain to the division between upper and lower towns, tourist/administrative core and banlieue, as well as the original tension between the administrated city and the vast North American—and native—hinterland. The central text discussed is Pierre Gobeil's Sur le toit des maisons, in which two disaffected young men journey from the lower town to the river by climbing across the rooves of the city. The second half of the article links this to the phenomenon of parkour, in which ‘free-runners’ trace alternative pathways through urban space and which originated in the Paris banlieue. Discussion centres on Michel de Certeau's alternative mappings of the city, but the argument here also invokes embedded, imagined histories and memories of colonial space, and the problem of narrative representation and its ideological resolutions. The article thus alludes to both the first and second French empires, as well as to the role of differently lived francophone histories in the formation of youth narratives and subcultures.
URL
Urbanité ludique et cultures sportives : analyse de quatre pratiques physiques de l’espace parisien
Autor
Lebreton & Héas
2010
|
Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Francés
Palabras clave
cultures urbaines, cultures sportives, pratique ludosportive, urbanité ludique.
Resumen
La reconquête de sites urbains et périurbains s’inscrit dans l’évolution des cultures sportives contemporaines. Elle est marquée, entre autres, par l’émergence de pratiques ludosportives alternatives (spéléologie urbaine, parkour, street golf, etc.) qui ne s’inscrivent pas sur les espaces aménagés. Ces pratiques physiques, véritables jeux novateurs, élargissent l’éventail des pratiques culturelles et mobilisent ce que nous appelons une urbanité ludique. La réappropriation des espaces urbains suppose une adaptation des techniques corporelles et sportives usuelles (course, gymnastique, etc.) aux lieux pratiqués : rues, parcs, jardins, places, souterrains, immeubles. Cette réappropriation contribue fortement à développer une légitimité ludique et à souder les participants au sein d’une même communauté pratiquante et auto-organisée. L’identification et le « droit à la ville » analysés ici permettent de distinguer deux logiques d’actions : des pratiques ludosportives urbaines s’inscrivant sur des lieux qui ne se « voient pas » – invisibles ; une seconde concernant les lieux qui se « donnent à voir » – visibles.
URL
De peatón a traceur en una diagonal. El parkour en la ciudad de la Plata. Nuevas prácticas, patrimonios motrices y formas de socialidad
Autor
Scarnatto & Díaz
2010
|
IV Jornadas de Investigación en Educación Corporal
Tipo de publicación
Publicación en congreso
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Le libre mouvement des corps : le "parkour", une nouvelle expérience du déplacement dans la ville
Autor
Miaux
2010
|
Géographie et cultures
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Francés
Palabras clave
parkour, corps, mise-en-scène, mouvement, espace public, aménagement
Resumen
L’apparition de nouvelles formes de déplacements dans la ville, telles que le « parkour », vient remettre en question la mise en scène et l’aménagement des espaces publics urbains. En effet, cette nouvelle pratique qui consiste à tracer son chemin en étant capable de dépasser certains obstacles, met en scène la liberté de mouvement dans des espaces contraignants. Nous présenterons, pour commencer, les origines du « parkour », le milieu dans lequel il s’est développé, puis nous insisterons sur l’importance accordée au corps, à la liberté de mouvement par les traceurs (pratiquants du « parkour ») et, enfin, nous nous interrogerons sur l’espace public et sur ses mises en scène.
URL
Sports, Environmentalism, Land Use, and Urban Development
Autor
Mincyte et al.
2009
|
Journal of Sport & Social Issues
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Nature, enviroment, space, neoliberalism
Resumen
URL
Parkour or l'art du deplacement A Kinetic Urban Utopia
Autor
Ortuzar
2009
|
Tdr-the Drama Review-a Journal of Performance Studies
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Parkour is urban activism emerging as an alternative to the highly controlled environments of the official city and its seemingly uninterrupted spaces of power. Parkouristes enact their escape from the established rules of behavior operating within urban environments and, when successful, transform the spaces they navigate.
URL
Parkour, anarcho-environmentalism, and poiesis
Autor
Atkinson
2009
|
Journal of Sport and Social Issues
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, poiesis, environmentalism, youth sport, Heidegger
Resumen
As innovated by French “free runners” David Belle and Sébastien Foucan in the1990s, Parkour is a physical cultural lifestyle of athletic performance focusing on uninterrupted and spectacular gymnastics over, under, around, and through obstacles in urban settings. Through the public practice of Parkour across late modern cities, advocates collectively urge urban pedestrians to reconsider the role of athleticism in fostering self—other environment connections. This article taps ethnographic data collected on Parkour enthusiasts in Toronto (Canada). For 2 years, the author spent time in the field with “traceurs” (i.e., those who practice Parkour) and conducted open-ended interviews with them regarding their experiences with the movement. In this article, the author explores Parkour as an emerging urban “anarcho-environmental” movement, drawing largely on Heidegger's critique of technology along with Schopenhauer's understanding of the will to interpret the practice of Parkour as a form of urban deconstruction.
URL
Jump city: Parkour and the traces
Autor
Thomson
2008
|
South Atlantic Quarterly
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
City, urban, traceur, parkour, capital, building, arcade
Resumen
Parkour, the art of moving quickly in urban areas using only the body and staying true to the principle of “displacement,” a call to ceaseless forward movement combined with a kind of Zen-like self-presence, is dangerous to the practitioner (traceur) but also, in a sense, to the logic of the city. As documented on YouTube, Jump London, and Casino Royale or seen in the flesh, parkour is the most spectacular of a set of unruly practices in the specular city, from skateboarding to flash mobbing. The traceur can be situated in the history of urban wanderers in the midst of capital, from the nineteenth-century Parisian flaneur to the strange urban hieroglyphics of the Situationist drifters and the new psychogeographers. The city is an accretion of forms characterized by a nostalgia for self-presence (roughly, democracy) and by economy (transnational capital flow), the first a desire to be here, the second a reckoning with the impossibility of being simply here. In the most literal, architectural sense, these might be civic buildings on the one hand and commercial on the other, and as it turns out, these are the best buildings to jump off, over, and around. Late capital's urban matrix hardly has time to be itself in the haste with which it hums a threnody of global evocations, and the traceur moving soundlessly in such a sensorium, or glimpsed briefly against a cityscape of allusive forms, will tell us everything we need to know about presence if he or she will but tarry for a moment.
URL
Nice-looking obstacles: Parkour as urban practice of deterritorialization
Autor
Brunner
2011
|
AI and Society
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Most academic publications refer to Parkour as a subversive and embodied tactic that challenges hegemonic discourses of discipline and control. Architecture becomes the playful ground where new ways to move take form. These approaches rarely address the material and embodied relations that occur in these practices and remain on the discursive plane of cultural signifiers. A theory of movement between bodies as the founding aspect of Parkour unfolds alternative concepts of body, space, time and movement beyond the discursive. Movement becomes the leitmotif for a re-conceptualization of the relations between subjects and objects and abandons their division. With the example of Parkour, I will challenge anthropocentric approaches toward embodiment and instead foreground open-ended shifting configurations of places and their relation to movement. Parkour re-shapes rigid concepts of places and their human encounter through movement. Through its encounter with obstacles Parkour activates the silent potential for movement located in the relation between bodies and thus reaches beyond material boundaries (e.g., a wall). As a deterritorializing practice, I will use Parkour to re-consider the relations between different bodies such as architectural configurations, subjects and their urban ecologies to develop a relational model for movement to shape our everyday encounters with matter
URL
Cidade lúdica: um estudo antropológico sobre as práticas de Parkour em São Paulo
Autor
Adriano
2010
|
Tipo de publicación
Tesis doctoral o similar
Idioma
Portugues
Palabras clave
Antropologia urbana, Cidade, Corpo, Espaco público, Lazer
Resumen
Esta dissertação apresenta o estudo etnográfico sobre as práticas de Le Parkour realizado em São Paulo. Essa nova prática corporal urbana de origem francesa vem ganhando adeptos no mundo todo, principalmente após o advento dos sites de armazenamento de vídeos na internet. Esse estudo pretende traçar um breve histórico das relações entre corpo e cidade tendo como fio condutor da narrativa os lazeres urbanos. Para tanto, almeja-se apresentar as especificidades do Parkour nesse contexto. Ao historicizar o surgimento dessas novas práticas corporais, pretende-se elencar a hipótese de que elas são marcadas pela passagem da sociedade disciplinar para a sociedade de controle. Finalmente, o estudo pretende lançar mão da ideia de construção lúdica da cidade em contraponto à noção de apropriação do espaço urbano.
URL
Escenarios culturales juveniles como fenómenos de tendencia. Geocaching, cross golf, parkour y flash mobs en una sociedad sin fronteras
Autor
Bauer
2010
|
Münster: Waxmann
Tipo de publicación
Libro
Idioma
Alemán
Palabras clave
Resumen
Los traceurs saltan las paredes durante el parkour, los geocachers intentan esconder el tesoro en la estación de tren principal de la forma más discreta posible, los flshmobbers se sorprenden con eventos cortos sin sentido y los golfistas cruzan los coches viejos y los cristales rotos de las ventanas con sus ataques. Los jóvenes hacen malabares con una amplia variedad de experiencias y crean constantemente nuevas. Fenómenos de tendencia. Son un fondo social creativo y, a pesar del desarrollo demográfico, dan forma a grandes áreas de nuestra sociedad. El estudio empírico permite conocer esta cultura cotidiana multifacética, decodifica sus mecanismos internos y muestra su importancia individual y colectiva.Las escenas jóvenes son expresión y reacción a la pluralización de los entornos de vida y sus formas organizativas también deben servir de modelo para instituciones como fiestas o iglesias si quieren mantener su significación e influencia social en el futuro
URL
Encouraging physical activity through parkour
Autor
Edwardes
2010
|
British Journal of School Nursing
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Dan Edwardes explains the concept behind parkour and how this form of non-competitive sport can help engage all pupils in physical activity and have a postive impact on their health and wellbeing.
URL
Parkour og den mobile teknologi: En etnografisk undersøgelse af fænomenet parkour i dimensionerne krop, by og medialisering
Autor
Klausen
2010
|
Qualitative Studies
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Danés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Parkour betegnes af udøverne som en ”bevægelseskunst”. Den grundlæggende idé er at bevæge sig i et flow gennem omgivelserne kun ved brug af kroppen for at komme fra punkt A til punkt B så hurtigt og effektivt som muligt. Udøverne, som kaldes ”traceurs” og primært er unge mænd, traverserer byrummet i højt tempo og flydende bevægelser: De glider over gelændre, husmure, hegn, bænke og parkerede biler. Ofte filmer de deres løb med digitalkameraer og uploader materialet på nettet, hvor det kommenteres af og inspirerer andre traceurs. Hvordan nærmer man sig metodisk en kultur som parkourkulturen, der både er en krops-, en by- og en mediekultur? Artiklen refererer til en nu afsluttet undersøgelse af parkourkulturen og diskuterer et metodisk-teoretisk design, der imødekommer dette spørgsmål. Der peges på, at det snarere end at nærme sig feltet, handler om at følge det og dets transformationer gennem både kropslige, rumlige og medierede aspekter. Denne tilgang laver en heterogen og ”mere-end repræsentationel” mapping og prioriterer det relationelle og flertydige ved at fokusere på mulige forbindelser mellem teori, metode og empiri.
URL
Parkour, the city, the event
Autor
Mould
2009
|
Environment and Planning D: Society and Space
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Parkour, or l'art du déplacement, has become widely practised in recent years, with most of its participants (or traceurs) conducting it in urban environments. Studying parkour and those who practise it provides urban geographers with a new and fascinating way in which movement is perceived in the city. Using the theoretical idioms of ‘smooth and striated space’ (Deleuze and Guattari, 1987, A Thousand Plateaus Continuum, London) and ‘the event’ (Badiou, 2005, Being and Event Continum, London), this paper will position parkour as an alternate way of theorising the city as an arena for capitalist versus subversive practices. Moving away from the idea of smooth space incorporating a ‘war machine’, the Badiouian event is a more appropriate lens through which to theorise parkour and its participants’ relationship with the city, in that it embraces a serene ethos of urban rediscovery.
URL
"Faire lieu" à travers l'urbain. Socio-anthropologie des pratiques ludo-sportives et auto-organisées de la ville
Autor
Lebreton
2009
|
Tipo de publicación
Tesis doctoral o similar
Idioma
Francés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Cette recherche combine les acquis de la sociologie urbaine et ceux de la sociologie des sports. Elle analyse les logiques et modalités des pratiques ludo-sportives, à la fois auto-organisées et urbaines. Ces pratiques sont non seulement dans la ville mais sont d'abord de la ville. Elles s?inscrivent pleinement dans le « faire lieu » au sein des espaces publics urbains. L'enquête concerne quatre communautés pratiquantes à Paris : spéléologie urbaine, base-jump urbain, street-golf et parkour. Inspirée par une démarche socio-anthropologique, la méthodologie de recherche oscille entre un engagement (immersion au sein des communautés) et une distanciation (analyse et écriture réflexive). Avec une population constituée de trente-quatre pratiquants, nous analysons précisément le caractère éminemment sous-culturel (subculture) de ces communautés très minoritaires. Regroupés autour de représentations et de valeurs élaborées au sein du groupe, les pratiquants s'approprient les architectures urbaines pour les modeler et les réaménager selon leurs propres logiques d?actions. Ainsi, les modalités de pratique révèlent une motricité développée au contact des lieux urbains pratiqués. La combinaison des actions de type ramper/marcher/courir, voler/sauter et être en mouvement ou à l'arrêt sont des modalités de pratique valorisées par ces déambulations ludo-sportives.
URL
The Revitalization of Space: Freestyle Parkour and Its Audiences
Autor
Jeanmarie
2009
|
Theatre Symposium 17
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Dance Studies, Parkour, Architecture and Public Spaces, Freerunning, Skateboarding,
Resumen
URL
Tribus urbanas: Una guía para entender las subculturas juveniles de la actualidad
Autor
Hooft
2009
|
Editorial vida
Tipo de publicación
Libro
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Playing with fear: Parkour and the mobility of emotion
Autor
Saville
2008
|
Social and Cultural Geography
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
fear, parkour, freerunning, emotional geography, mobility, place, play
Resumen
This article engages debates on emotional geography and non-representational theory by considering fear as a distinctly mobile engagement with our environment. Parkour, or freerunning, has exploded into public consciousness through commercial media representations and films. It is depicted as a spectacular urban sport that either can or cannot be done. Through ethnographic research with groups of parkour practitioners I consider what has been excluded from these representations: the emotions involved in trying, experimenting, and gradually learning to be in places differently. In parkour places are ‘done’ or mobilised in tentative, unsure, ungainly and unfinished ways which can be characterised by a kind of play with architecture. I argue that this play is contingent upon an array of fears, which, rather than being entirely negative, are an important way in which practitioners engage with place. Here fears can manifest differently, not only restricting mobility, but in some cases encouraging imaginative and playful forms of movement.
URL
bottom of page