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HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES
sociología - antropología - filosofía - historia - derecho - etc.
L’institutionnalisation du parkour : la suppression des limites entre les espaces étanches et les espaces relâchés
Autor
Tani
2023
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Social & Cultural Geography
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Francés
Palabras clave
parkour, sport mode de vie, institutionnalisation, professionnalisation, espaces étanches, espaces relâchés
Resumen
Au cours de ses vingt années d’existence, le parkour, sport et mode de vie populaire dans le monde entier, a été l’objet d’institutionnalisation, de professionnalisation et de commercialization. Dans cet article, l’analyse de ces changements s’est fondée sur des entretiens menés avec des traceurs finlandais qui possèdent beaucoup d’expérience de parkour, en tant que pratiquants et en tant qu’encadrants, celui-ci étant même l’activité professionnelle principale de certains d’entre eux. Des recherches antérieures avec les mêmes participants ont fourni les fondements pour le thème et offrent un aperçu de l’évolution du domaine du parkour en Finlande. Nous avons accordé une attention particulière aux façons dont les salles de sport et les parcs de parkour ont modifié les relations des traceurs avec les espaces publics urbains. Nous analysons ces changements en appliquant les concepts d’espaces étanches et d’espaces relâchés. Notre étude montre comment certains participants ont étroitement lié le parkour à ses origines, alors que d’autres ont insisté sur son aspect physique et n’étaient pas trop préoccupés par la structuration vers une discipline sportive reconnue. Avec la popularité croissante des salles et des parcs de parkour, sa visibilité dans l’espace public a diminué, ce qui a réduit les rencontres entre les traceurs et d’autres usagers de ces espaces et par conséquent diminue le potentiel du parkour pour relâcher les espaces urbains afin de les rendre plus tolérants envers différentes manières d’être.
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Coaching parkour: the instructed concerted actions of negotiating expectancies
Autor
Sánchez-García
2023
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Sports Coaching Reviews
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour; ethnomethods; coaching; expectancies; instructed concerted actions
Resumen
This paper offers an ethnomethodological (EM) account of parkour coaching based on an eight-month participant observation conducted by the researcher in a parkour gym in Madrid (Spain). It addresses from a praxeological perspective the emotional dimension of parkour coaching: the tension balance between confidence and fear, expressed in the negotiation of expectancies upon athletes’ performances on each occasion. To do so, it provides a detailed EM analysis of the endogenous production of negotiating expectancies among members (coach and athletes) during parkour sessions. The coaching ethnomethods for negotiating expectancies constitute a social orderliness on each occasion. The negotiation of expectancies can lead to positive or negative breaching moments which demands the execution of some repair work to maintain the social orderliness of the parkour class. Such dynamic negotiation constitutes a key feature of the process along which parkour proficiency is achieved.
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Developmental Outcomes for Young People Participating in Informal and Lifestyle Sports: A Scoping Review of the Literature, 2000–2020
Autor
Säfvenbom et al.
2023
|
Social Sciences
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
youth sport; lifestyle sports; sporting behavior; literature review; leisure sport
Resumen
The aim of this study is to review the literature on lifestyle sports and lifestyle sport contexts with regard to the developmental potential they may represent in young people’s everyday lives. The review applies a relational developmental systems approach to youth development. The eligibility criteria are based on the phenomenon of interest and outcomes. Hence, we include studies examining the associations between young people performing lifestyle sports and potential developmental outcomes: mental, biological, social, and behavioral. The present study shows that the volume of research on informal lifestyle sport is rather extensive and that studies on the way these activity contexts may affect developmental processes in youth are diverse and wide ranging. The studies suggest that performing lifestyle sports may have several beneficial health and skills outcomes. Furthermore, positive associations are suggested between involvement in lifestyle sport contexts such as climbing, snowboarding, parkour, tricking, kiting, and surfing and (a) mental outcomes such joy, happiness, freedom, euphoria, motivation, self-efficacy, and well-being; (b) social outcomes such as gender equality, network building, social inclusion, interaction, friendship; and (c) behavioral outcomes such as identity, creativity, and expressions of masculinity and/or femininity. The review performed indicates that lifestyle sport contexts are flexible according to needs and desires that exist among the practitioners and that the human and democratic origins of these contexts make them supportive for positive movement experiences and for positive youth development. The findings have implications for PE teachers, social workers, policymakers, sport organizations, and urban architecture, in that providing lifestyle sport opportunities in the everyday lives of young people will foster a holistic development in a positive way.
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Clothing the practice: Community building, sportification and commodification in CrossFit and parkour
Autor
De Benedittis & Carmoletto
2022
|
International Journal of Fashion Studies
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Apparel; boundary-making; commodification; community-building; informational capital; sportification
Resumen
Relying on empirical data from two research projects on CrossFit and parkour, and adopting mixed methods (enactive ethnography, participant observation, online survey and social media analysis), this article aims at evidencing the role of apparel and gear in some processes engendering a transformation of the two practices. We investigate the making of boundaries – internal and external to the practices – that furnish ways of belonging to practitioners, focusing on how the processes of sportification and commodification are involved in these different ways of belongingness. We link these general processes to their connections with clothing, accessories and their material and symbolic use, showing how informational capital is at stake in this
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Explorando subculturas de rua através das lentes da arte e do desporto: uma análise histórica de danca, bmx, skateboarding e parkour
Autor
Pires et al.
2022
|
E-Revista de Estudos Interculturais
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Portugués
Palabras clave
Arts; BMX; Cultural Practices; Parkour; Skateboarding; Sports; Street Dance; Street Subcultures; Urban Space
Resumen
Scientific research is preponderant in the development and dissemination of knowledge, and, in this sense, the contemporary city is established as an object of study for understanding the behaviors and influences of cultural and artistic practices emerging in its territory. In our daily lives, we identify cultural and artistic street practices that we know little or nothing about. The fieldwork, carried out as a part of the StreetArtCEI project, has increased our interest in other urban cultural practices that we come across with, alongside graffiti and street art. In this context, we intend to explore street dance, skateboarding, BMX, and parkour, from a holistic perspective. These are inspiring activities practiced individually or in groups, mostly by younger generations, that connect the arts and the sports worlds more than ever.
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Blubilds – drawing diagrammatic stains
Autor
Leah
2022
|
Drawing: Research, Theory, Practice
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
diagrammatic; drawing; Edgelands encounters; embodied; mapping; Rosalind Krauss
Resumen
This project adopts the concept of a dance diagram such as Andy Warhol’s Fox Trot (1962) introduced by Rosalind Krauss in her writing on the relationship of material forces in a diagrammatic structure to create a model of notation with actions and objects derived from Edgelands. Coined by Marion Shoard, Edgelands are post-industrial cityscapes, a typology of abandon, dereliction and decay. Shoard notes these sites are characterized by creative cultural practices of photography and graffiti; urban explorers, parkour. My Blubilds project aimed to challenge these cultural practices of parkour and graffiti to provoke new engagement in those sites. To this end, I apply the concept of Rosalind Krauss’s resistant diagram and gravity I adapted from Formless: A User’s Guide (Bois and Krauss 1997). Gravity is a force of undoing to remake spaces – and I draw with my body and equipment to facilitate gravity within a dance diagram to create a new space. This contrasts the cultural practices such as Graffiti and parkour and breaks with those existing activities to tag, mark and leave a new trace in Edgelands. Blubilds draw a live embodied diagram, based on the movement patterns found in Edgeland sites, since ‘action’ is to draw a line with the body. Tim Ingold’s approach to drawing informs my perspective that lines of movement that draw (in) place engage with the lived narratives of those places. Ingold suggests that the narratives that make place are created by entangled lines created by movement; furthermore, to ‘draw out’ – as in Douglas Rosenberg’s (2012) phrase – suggests that drawing in place ‘draws-out’ new spaces. Blue is emblematic as a nod to Krauss’s ‘rude noise, the blueprint and the acts of Graffiti’, it becomes Blubilds – a dynamic diagrammatic stain
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Entre el espacio público y el digital: apropiación y significación desde la práctica de parkour
Autor
Sepúlveda
2022
|
Balajú
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Prácticas corporales urbanas, autoproducción visual, cultura digital, redes sociales
Resumen
El propósito de este artículo es describir y comprender la autoproducción visual y la utilización de sitios de redes sociales en el campo de prácticas corporales urbanas. La investigación se realizó desde una perspectiva etnográfica, participando de una comunidad de practicantes de parkour e incorporando aspectos de etnografía virtual para realizar observación en sitios de redes sociales. Los principales resultados muestran que la autoproducción visual y la socialización del contenido en sitios de redes sociales tienen como fin principal: 1) difundir y dar a conocer la práctica de parkour; 2) registrar y mostrar los progresos corporales de sus practicantes; y 3) visibilizar otras formas de experimentar la ciudad y sus espacios públicos. Finalmente, así como los practicantes de parkour –u otras prácticas urbanas– se apropian de los espacios públicos urbanos, también lo hacen con el espacio digital a través del contenido visual autoproducido, en una relación dialéctica entre ambos espacios.
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What Makes Parkour Unique? A Narrative Review Across Miscellaneous Academic Fields
Autor
Pagnon et al.
2022
|
Sports medicine
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Parkour is a growing sport that mostly involves jumping, vaulting over obstacles, and climbing in a non-dedicated setting. The authors gathered all known relevant literature across miscellaneous academic fields in order to define parkour with regard to other sports disciplines. Parkour is a lifestyle sport, and as such provides an alternative to mainstream sports, away from strict rules, standardized settings, and necessary competitions. Traceurs (parkour adepts) consider the city as a playground and as an outlet for their creativity, but they also have a strong taste for hard and individualized challenges. They usually train on non-specific structures, at ground level. Although their social background is not clear, they are mostly young and male. Traceurs are stronger than recreational athletes, especially in eccentric exercises. However, their endurance skills may be below average. One of the core specificities of parkour is its precision constraint at landing, which turns a standing long jump into a precision jump, regulated in flight so as to prepare for landing. The running precision jump follows the same landing pattern, and its flight phase contrasts with long jump techniques. Injuries, which are not more frequent than in other sports, often occur at landing and to lower limb extremities. This risk is mitigated by targeting the landing area with the forefoot instead of letting the heel hit the ground like in gymnastics, or with rolling in order to dissipate the impact. Overall, parkour focuses on adaptability to new environments, which leads to specific techniques that have not yet been extensively addressed by the literature.
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Os caminhos do parkour em Vitória/es / The paths of parkour in Vitória/es
Autor
Da Costa Silva & Ferreira Araújo
2022
|
Licere
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Portugués
Palabras clave
Parkour. Atividades de Lazer.Prática Corporal
Resumen
O Parkour é uma prática que vem ganhando espaço nas cidades brasileiras, uma vez que o mobiliário urbano apresenta um cenário perfeitopara essa manifestação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o surgimento e o desenvolvimento do Parkour em Vitória, Espírito Santo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, na qual se utilizou para a coleta de dados a entrevista estruturada com um praticante de reconhecido envolvimento com o Parkour. Com base nos resultados, estabeleceram-se as categorias que trataram da história do Parkour na capital capixaba, os aspectos pedagógicos de seu ensino-aprendizado e o perfil de seus praticantes. Foi possível constatar que o Parkour surgiu em Vitória em 2004 sob forte influência midiática. Seus participantes são na maioria jovens e seu desenvolvimento ocorreu por meio da divulgação empírica entre os grupos de praticantes e como forma de lazer e confraternização.
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The Poor “Wealth” of Brazilian Football: How Poverty May Shape Skill and Expertise of Players
Autor
Uehara et al.
2021
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Front Sports Act Living
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
ecological dynamics, skill acquisition, football, poverty, affordances landscapes
Resumen
Worldwide, 1.3 billion people live in Poverty, a socio-economic status that has been identified as a key determinant of a lack of sports participation. Still, numerous athletes around the world have grown up in underprivileged socio-economic conditions. This is the case in Brazil, a country with around 13.5 million impoverished citizens, yet, over decades, many of its best professional footballers have emerged from its favelas. In this article, we explore the role of the socio-cultural-economic constraints in shaping the development of skill and expertise of Brazilian professional football players. The methodological and epistemological assumptions of the “Contextualized Skill Acquisition Research” (CSAR) approach are used as an underpinning framework for organizing and analyzing data. Results suggested that, at the exosystemic level of Brazilian society, Poverty emerges as an influential constraint that can potentially enrich football development experiences of Brazilian players. Poverty, however, is not the direct causation of outstanding football skill development. Rather, from the perspective of ecological dynamics, Poverty creates specific contexts that can lead to the emergence of physical as well as socio-cultural environment constraints (e.g., Pelada, Malandragem) that can shape affordances (opportunities) for skill acquisition. These ideas suggest the need to ensure that environmental constraints can support people to amuse themselves cheaply, gain access to employment opportunities and maintain health and well-being through (unstructured and more structured) sport and physical activities in dense urban environments such as favelas, inner city areas, and banlieues. For this purpose, design of open play areas and even parkour installations can provide affordances landscapes for physical activity and sports participation in urban settings.
URL
Parkour, Graffiti, and the Politics of (In)Visibility in Aestheticized Cityscapes
Autor
De Martini Ugolotti & Genova
2023
|
Space and Culture
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
(in)visibility; aestheticized cityscapes; Bologna; embodied geographies; graffiti; parkour; Turin
Resumen
In the past decades, urban scholars have discussed at length how the production of aesthetically pleasing and consumption-enticing cityscapes has become the core of postindustrial urban economies. Critical analyses have underlined how the “dictatorship of the visual” characterizing these urban processes implies the expulsion from public life of “unacceptable” differences and conflicts within. While fundamental, these perspectives have not fully engaged with a variety of urban practices and groups that are simultaneously addressed by urban leaderships as visible assets and threats for image-based redevelopment processes. Drawing on two ethnographic studies in Turin and Bologna, Italy, this article contributes to address this gap by focusing on parkour and graffiti’s ambiguous and controversial positions in these rebranding cities. By addressing how traceurs and writers reconciled and negotiated their positioning within image-led urban redevelopment processes, this article expands existing discussions on the nexus between (in)visibility, publicness, embodied geographies, and aestheticized cityscapes
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The Attempted Grobalization of Parkour by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique
Autor
Puddle & Wheaton
2023
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The International Journal of the History of Sport
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, gymnastics, Olympics, action/lifestyle sport, institutionalization, sport governance, grobalization
Resumen
On December 3rd, 2018, the 82nd Congress of the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG), voted to include parkour as the FIG’s 8th gymnastic discipline. Unlike, trampoline and acrobatic gymnastics, which became gymnastic disciplines following the agreed dissolution of their respective federations, parkour’s inclusion followed two years of unilateral and ultra vires development of competitive showcases. Despite athlete participation in FIG-organized parkour competitions, the global parkour community has been largely opposed to parkour under FIG, especially its attempts to include parkour in the Olympic programme. This situation catalyzed the federating of the international federation Parkour Earth. However, all attempts by the global parkour community to halt the FIG’s appropriation of parkour have proved unsuccessful to date. Digital ethnographic work conducted during the controversy and the authors’ experiences as key protagonists in the formation and administration of Parkour Earth highlights the politics, influences, and power struggles between the different stakeholders. With help from Ritzer’s theory of grobalization it is clear that the FIG is attempting to grobalize parkour to grow its power and profits, and the IOC is enabling, and to some extent complicit in this process. This has implications for the parkour community and other long-standing gymnastic disciplines.
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Contested bodies in a regenerating city: post-migrant men's contingent citizenship, parkour and diaspora spaces
Autor
De Martini Ugolotti
2022
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Leisure Studies
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, right to the city, contingent citizenship, diaspora space
Resumen
The following paper contributes to interdisciplinary debates at the intersection of informal sport/leisure, migration and urban studies. It does so by drawing on an ethnographic research with young men of migrant origins in Turin, Italy, and by addressing the relevance of parkour in the participants’ experiences and negotiations of ‘what it means to (not) belong’ in urban spaces. The focus on parkour provides a unique entry point to address the politics of belonging that unfold in urban spaces as contested sites where competing images of the city, the nation and of who belongs to them converge, clash and overlap. This is particularly relevant, though not limited to the Italian context, where political narratives and realities still legally and socially define the children of migration as alien bodies in the nation, while Turin’s urban leaderships portray youth cultures and multicultural diversity as assets for the city’s symbolic, cultural and financial regeneration. As the intersection of such discourses shapes the manifold ways through which post-migrant urban subjects become essentialised, valorised and pathologised in Turin, the paper’s findings foreground the relevance of informal sports as entry points to (re)consider discussions on citizenship, conviviality and rights (to the city) in contemporary urban contexts.
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Young parkour traceurs in Mexico City: A new way to meaning and identity in urban spaces
Autor
Islas & Varela
2022
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Semiotica
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
parkour; semiotics of culture; semiotics of sports; sociosemiotics; urban cultural practices; virtual spaces
Resumen
The practice of parkour in urban spaces by young people, especially those who call themselves traceurs ("plotters"), illustrates how identities are formed in an ephemeral way by reinterpreting spaces in the city-briefly and without leaving a trace. However, in a sort of paradox, these interventions are registered in the socio-digital spectrum, tokenistically anchoring and incorporating them into conversations and social interactions. This work aims to explain the practice of the sport called parkour as a socio-semiotic phenomenon. We have used some zones of Mexico City as a specific case for our approach. The foregoing leads to the conclusion that the meaning of parkour goes beyond its recreational role and places it as a relevant piece of identity for excluded urban social groups-even though these practices have been appropriated by marketing strategies. Our approach will use a cultural semiotics perspective, as well as direct observations and interviews as research techniques.
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The institutionalisation of Parkour in Denmark. A national case of how institutional isomorphism works and affect lifestyle sport
Autor
Hojbjerre Larsen
2022
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International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Lifestyle sports, action sports, parkour, institutionalisation, sportisation, sport-for-all
Resumen
Many lifestyle sports are undergoing a process of institutionalisation and sportisation. A growing body of research in the institutionalisation of lifestyle sport is developing. This is especially the case for parkour where researchers have begun analysing how parkour has been developed in different national contexts. By drawing on institutional theory and various empirical data collected through ethnographical field studies, this article offers a qualitative analysis about how the national, socio-cultural context and the sport governance system have coloured the institutionalisation of parkour in Denmark. The institutionalisation has been driven by the practitioners’ interest in getting access to sport facilities and therefore a need to accommodate the sport governance system. But also, at the same time, by the existing associations who are facing challenges to attract young people and therefore integrating parkour into their schedules. Even though the institutionalisation creates tensions, it also illuminates how parkour has been integrated into the existing gymnastic organisations without being turned into an achievement sport, but as a sport-for-all.
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Sovereign Surfing in the Society of Control: The Parkour Chase in Casino Royale as a Staging of Social Change
Autor
Jonasson & Eriksson
2022
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Social Sciences
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
control; discipline; Gilles Deleuze; James Bond; Michel Foucault; movement; parkour; social change; sovereignty; surfing
Resumen
In “Postscript on Societies of Control”, French philosopher Gilles Deleuze proclaimed that “Everywhere surfing has replaced the older sports”. By this, he alluded to Foucault’s thoughts on older societal regimes and power diagrams of sovereignty and discipline, and that now such models have been supplemented with governance through control and allegations of increased freedom. This article has as its point of departure the potential of sports to reflect social change. Contemporaneously to the coining of Deleuze’s surfing sentence, a new sport emerges: parkour, in which practitioners “surf” the urban realm. This practice gained attention globally when it was featured in the 2006 James Bond film Casino Royale. The analysis in this article revolves around the different ways of moving in and through the environment in the renowned parkour chase in the beginning of the movie. How do different kinds of displacement in the parkour chase of Casino Royale relate to the transition between the societies described by Deleuze, and what new adaptations emerge and what old logics and models return? It is concluded that the older forms of power prevail and that the ideal of the society of control cannot be realised.
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Renovación de los Juegos Olímpicos y apropiación cultural del parkour. Apoyos y resistencias
Autor
Santandreu
2022
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Cuadernos Del Claeh-centro Latinoamericano De Economia Humana
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Juegos Olímpicos, actividad de tiempo libre, deporte, cultura.
Resumen
El parkour surgió en suburbios franceses como desarrollo de un grupo de personas y se catapultó a un público masivo a través de plataformas virtuales de video a partir de 2006, lo que generó innumerables apropiaciones locales. La ética de la comunidad de parkour abarca diversidad de valores compartidos (o no) por segmentos de esa población, entre ellos: no competición, utilitarismo de los movimientos y creatividad. Llamaremos cultura del parkour a esta comunidad y, a su vez, al conjunto de conocimientos, ética y arte compartido por ellos, conscientes de que contiene divergencias y fronteras difusas. En su Agenda 2020, el Comité Olímpico Internacional proyectó la renovación de los Juegos Olímpicos, con la incorporación de nuevos deportes extremos para mejorar su alcance en el público joven. En 2017, la Federación Internacional de Gimnasia anunció una nueva modalidad competitiva para ser incorporada a los Juegos Olímpicos basada en el parkour, el FIG Parkour. Este desarrollo fue inmediatamente considerado apropiación indebida por grupos, organizaciones y federaciones de parkour. Relacionamos esta denuncia con la idea de apropiación cultural y sintetizamos algunos apoyos y resistencias al desarrollo de FIG Parkour en las culturas del parkour y la gimnasia deportiva.
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Regimes of Visibility in the Global Parkour
Autor
Braune
2022
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Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Gender; media; Morocco; parkour; regimes of visibility; sports
Resumen
Parkour is often defined through its strikingly visual dimension with breathtaking images of leaps covering amazing distances, recordings of seemingly impossible body movements and flying bodies apparently no longer constrained by gravity. However, the basic idea behind parkour is to find the most efficient or direct path as one crosses from one point to another while overcoming all obstacles using only one's bodily capacities. No additional tools are used or are necessary. The seemingly weightless traceurs and traceuses (parkour practitioners) run, jump and climb through public and digital space. At the same time, they produce visual footage of their best movements. As in other sporting cultures, such as skateboarding, surfing or climbing, the productions of visual material and the visual representation of the sports practices are interrelated. This hints at an entangled relationship between parkour and media in its various forms and aspects. In the following article, parkour will be described as a mediatized global cultural practice with a focus on established regimes of visibility. The analysis will be conducted from a local Moroccan and gendered perspective and using an ethnographic approach.
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Parkour, transpondo o obstáculo da competição
Autor
Pereira & Batista
2021
|
Conexoes
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Portugués
Palabras clave
Parkour, Competição, Esporte
Resumen
O parkour é uma nova versão esportiva, criado nos subúrbios de França que se opõe ao agonismo próprio da modernidade e parece confrontar as certezas que o positivismo engendra. Este trabalho tem por objetivo conhecer os praticantes de parkour e entender como concebem o conceito de competição que começa a ser disseminado nele. Método: Uma pesquisa exploratória com oitenta e quatro sujeitos foi aplicada em praticantes de todo o Brasil. Resultados: Os resultados permitem dizer que os jovens são aqueles que mais procuram o parkour e que os grupos são heterogêneos, ainda se percebe que as mulheres precisam conquistar seu espaço, pois não são protagonistas na modalidade. Conclusão: Verificou-se que há interesses da Federação Internacional de Ginástica em agrupar o parkour como uma de suas disciplinas e que os praticantes brasileiros não têm um consenso sobre se aceitam a competição ou não.
URL
What makes parkour unique? A narrative review across miscellaneous academic fields.
Autor
Pagnon et al.
2021
|
Sportrxvi
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
free-running, biomechanics, physiology, landing, precision, lifestyle sport
Resumen
Parkour is a growing sport that mostly involves jumping, vaulting over obstacles, and climbing in a non dedicated setting. The authors gathered all known relevant literature across miscellaneaous academic fields in order to define parkour with regards to other sports disciplines. Parkour is a lifestyle sport, and as such provides an alternative to mainstream ones, away from strict rules, standardized settings, and necessary competitions. Traceurs (parkour adepts) consider the city as a playground and as an outlet for their creativity, but they also have a strong taste for hard and individualized challenges. They usually train on non specific structures, at ground level. Although their social background is not clear, they are mostly young and male.
URL
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