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HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES
sociología - antropología - filosofía - historia - derecho - etc.
Body ecology and emersive leisure: Parkour as an interdisciplinary immersion in the city environment
Autor
Lebreton & Andrieu
2018
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Body Ecology and Emersive Leisure
Tipo de publicación
Capítulo de libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
The urban environment, in its spatiality, corporeality and sociality, shows various grids of theoretical readings concerning recreational and sporting uses. To illustrate the different ways of living, we will focus our attention on the dimension of body ecology, in a will to ‘make-body’ with the environment lived because the question of how and why the environment influences health behavior remains largely unexplored. The great diversity in body and sports practices shows that urban space is now a recognised playground. The objective of this article is to apprehend urban sports practices by the prism of body immersion in the urban environment. The remarks will then be of a theoretical nature and especially in what brings together the sociology of the body and urban sociology. The body dimension is not limited to the motricity developed in the standardised places but also in what bases the intimate relation of the practitioner to his environment characteristic of what we call the practices of outdoor urbanity.
URL
Wall terrains: Architecture, body culture and parkour
Autor
Nilsson
2018
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Urban Walls: Political and Cultural Meanings of Vertical Structures and Surfaces
Tipo de publicación
Capítulo de libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Walls are concrete objects, but the way this concreteness is played out in a given situation is not only an effect related to bodily incorporated skills but also relative to the shared understandings of a body culture determining whether a wall acts like a fence, something to be crossed, or as part of a configuration of a different kind. Building on an understanding of walls and bodies as specific figurations this chapter uses the traceur and the development of parkour as its main example and develops a multiple and relational perspective on walls and bodies by describing how they are part in articulating and stabilizing different terrains. What is striking about parkour is that the architecture traceurs are drawn to promote a strong territorialization, but the trajectory of the traceur’s movement often plots a neglecting of this territorialization. Traceurs strive on the territorialization of other terrains and the topography created by them. In doing so, the traceurs not only become tracers of their own terrain formation, they also inform us that however strong the history of urban walls is as objects segregating and sustaining different territorial claims, we can never take the category “wall” for granted.
URL
Cuerpos y trazos en el lienzo urbano: la práctica del parkour en Cali
Autor
Velasco
2018
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Universidad del Valle
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Sociología urbana, Espacios urbanos, Deportes extremos, Cuerpo, Sociología del deporte, Uso del tiempo, Etnografía, Tiempo libre, Jóvenes, Cali (Valle del Cauca), Sociología
Resumen
La ciudad ha sido desde hace tiempo un espacio de interés para diversos investigadores de las ciencias sociales en diferentes épocas, dadas las diversas interacciones y usos del espacio que convergen en ella, en este sentido se hace importante contribuir a los estudios de la vida urbana, para comprender cómo se produce el espacio público desde las representaciones, percepciones, vivencias, usos, significados, símbolos, a partir de una práctica en específico. Para el caso de este trabajo, se revisó el Parkour que consiste en el desplazamiento por la arquitectura urbana de manera efectiva y eficiente usando únicamente el cuerpo humano. Cabe mencionar que el Parkour coloca en tensión el diseño urbanístico y los usos emergentes que se hacen del espacio público, lo cual es un tema contemporáneo relevante en lo que respecta a la comprensión de la ciudad y las nuevas formas de habitarla, teniendo en cuenta que el uso de los espacios públicos es una cuestión central en la vida de cualquier ciudadano. Por lo tanto, la importancia de esta investigación está en la elaboración de una etnografía urbana de algunos espacios públicos de la ciudad de Cali en los que se realiza la práctica del Parkour, que aunque no sea autóctona de Colombia, ha tomado fuerza por las narrativas visuales de esta en medios masivos de comunicación y en gran medida por su difusión en las redes sociales a partir de los videos elaborados por practicantes de todo el mundo que exploran la ciudad con diversas apropiaciones espaciales. Para la indagación se tuvo como base teórica la trialéctica espacial propuesta por Lefebvre (1974) -espacio percibido, espacio concebido, espacio vivido-, la noción de descripción densa (Geertz, 1973) y el enfoque microsociológico de Goffman (1979) aplicado a los contextos urbanos. Es decir, el objetivo de la investigación fue comprender la relación que establecen los practicantes de Parkour con el espacio público de la ciudad de Cali, la cual problemátiza la idea de que las construcciones arquitectonicas al estar preestablecidas funcionalmente, la vida cotidiana solo tiene lugar a partir del conjunto de normas y ordenaciones de comportamiento que son implícitas a la vida pública en la que las personas coexisten. No obstante, están algunas prácticas como el Parkour que hacen un uso alternativo del espacio público logrando impregnarlo de significados, símbolos y cristalizaciones al punto de concebir el espacio funcional como un espacio de vida.
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Inclusión social a través del parkour: el caso de Valencia
Autor
Bellés-Broseta & Vera-Gómez
2018
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Integración social y deporte. Investigaciones y estudios de casoPublisher: Nau Llibres
Tipo de publicación
Capítulo de libro
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Parkour, inclusión social, adaptación, deporte.
Resumen
Afortunadamente abundan las iniciativas que dirigen el deporte hacia la inclusión social, pero ¿existe algún deporte inherentemente inclusivo? El parkour, por sus propias características como práctica deportiva favorece de forma natural la inclusión: no hay competición, se basa en la libre adaptación a un entorno potencialmente hostil, mejorando la relación con el mismo (y las personas que lo forman), estimulando las propias habilidades y afrontando las dificultades hasta superarlas. Así, se potencian el autoconcepto, la capacidad de desenvolverse de forma autónoma en el entorno y por tanto el sentimiento de pertenencia e integración en la comunidad. Como avalan las experiencias acumuladas con colectivos en situación de exclusión social como las mujeres, la tercera edad o las personas con diversidad funcional (Parkour Dance, Parkour Generations, etc.), las propuestas para implantar el parkour en la sociedad de la mano de la asociación Valencia Movement pueden desarrollar de forma proactiva el potencial que contiene esta disciplina, además de promover sus beneficios físicos, psicológicos y emocionales.
URL
La producción del espacio: relaciones entre la ciudad edificada y los practicantes de parkour en Cali.
Autor
Velasco-Arboleda
2018
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Virajes: Revista de Antropología y Sociología
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Parkour, sociología urbana, etnografía, producción del espacio
Resumen
El artículo da cuenta de la relación que establecen los practicantes de parkour con el espacio público de la ciudad de Cali. El espacio es asumido como el resultado de la acción social que lo produce desde las representaciones, percepciones, vivencias, usos, significados, símbolos. Por ello, se realizó un acercamiento etnográfico desde la trialéctica espacial propuesta por Lefebvre (2013) a cinco escenarios de Cali, en los cuales jóvenes realizan parkour; complementando con observación participante, notas de campo, entrevistas, consulta de páginas virtuales oficiales de los grupos y fotografías. Al finalizar, se sugiere que el espacio urbano es un escenario ilimitado de acción y experiencias de libertades individuales y colectivas que propician una tensión entre el diseño urbanístico y los usos emergentes que se hacen del espacio público.
URL
Negotiating obstacles in the making of a parkour site at Leitet - Children and young people's participation in area development
Autor
Nordgreen et al.
2018
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Community Development Journal
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
The article is based on the designing of a parkour site at Leitet, in the borough Laksevåg, in Bergen, Norway. It explains the different stages of participation and the process of developing the Leitet parkour site. The Municipality of Bergen plays a significant role in involving children and young people in area development. Dialogue and collaboration with residents and other actors in the area are identified as essential approaches. Laksevåg was given priority on the basis of several years of mapping and statistical research, confirming the importance of a comprehensive and coherent area development, both social and physical. The area is distinguished, negatively, from Bergen as a whole by several variables. The article also emphasizes the connection between living conditions and good social networks, active involvement, and participation in society.
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L'ontologie multiple du parkour
Autor
Daout
2018
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Université de Lausanne
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Francés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
The social benefits of informal and lifestyle sports. A research agenda
Autor
Gilchrist & Wheaton
2017
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International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Understanding sport through the lens of social benefit has become a mainstay of sport policy analysis. A wealth of research has considered how sport contributes to achieving wider social benefits, including improvements to health and well-being, life satisfaction, crime reduction, community cohesion and activism, environmental stewardship, educational attainment, labour market participation, civic renewal, urban regeneration and developing youth (Coalter 2007, Oughton and Tacon 2007, Brookes and Wiggan 2009). Over the decades governments and policymakers have advocated the use of traditional or mainstream sports for combating a range of social ‘problems’, from youth disengagement to poor health. Most recently, fears about rising levels of inactivity and obesity, particularly amongst children, are increasingly driving sports-based interventions and the question of sport’s capacity to deliver public policy outcomes.
URL
Informal sport, institutionalisation, and sport policy: challenging the sportization of parkour in England
Autor
Wheaton & O'Loughlin
2017
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International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Lifestyle sport, informality, youth sport, sport policy, institutionalisation, community dance, parkour
Resumen
Initiatives using parkour and parkour-inspired hybrid activities are emerging in increasingly varied settings from formal physical education to the performance arts. This proliferation in England has led to the need for more formal governance resulting in the formation of a Sport England-sanctioned national governing body, Parkour UK.
In this paper, we document attempts to challenge the perceived sportization process in England through the emergence of Performance-Parkour [2PK] a version of parkour practice rooted in the performance arts. We discuss the implications of these developments for maintaining parkour’s diversity and inclusivity as a practice for inspiring participation. We draw on a range of data sources including observations, formal interviews, and reflections from different positions from academic outsides to involved practitioner. We then consider the implications of these developments for maintaining parkour’s diversity and inclusivity as a practice for inspiring participation, particularly with regard to pedagogic style and gender inclusion. This process highlights some of the challenges and difficulties in the institutionalisation of an informal movement practice into an organised and formalised one. Our paper therefore contributes to our understanding of the role informal sporting activities can play in promoting inclusive and equitable physical cultures, and provides insights into emergent boundary-crossing practices that are situated between sports and the arts.
URL
Governing bodies or managing freedom? Subcultural struggles, national sport systems and the glocalised institutionalisation of parkour
Autor
Sterchele & Ferrero Camoletto
2017
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International Journal of Sport Policy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Lifestyle sports, institutionalisation, authenticity, teaching/coaching qualifications, glocalisation, Italian sport system
Resumen
Whilst being the world’s fastest growing informal sport, parkour is also undergoing a gradual institutionalisation which is shaped differently by each national context’s specific sport system. We investigate this glocalised process by examining the subcultural tensions and power struggles it generates within the Italian parkour community. Whereas in other countries parkour practitioners (the so-called traceur/traceuses) have managed to gain public recognition by forming a specific and independent National Governing Body, in Italy they are gradually affiliating with different Sport Promotion Bodies (Enti di Promozione Sportiva), the distinctive umbrella organisations which compete for the provision of sport-for-all within the country. Through a qualitative mixed-method approach based on focus groups, individual interviews and the analysis of ethnographic and documentary material, we explore the institutionalisation of Italian parkour by focusing on the controversies surrounding the introduction of teaching standards and qualifications, which is becoming a battlefield for competing authenticity claims based on different visions and interpretations of parkour. Our study shows how sport policymakers become influential agents in this authentication process and calls for future comparative analysis of their role in the local re-contextualisation of highly globalised practices.
URL
Breaking the jump: the secret story of parkour's high-flying rebellion
Autor
Tjonndal
2018
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Sport in History
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista - Revisión de libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Secretly public. The parkour and the public space as threshold
Autor
Bertoni
2018
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Rivista Geografica Italiana
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Is realized in urban spaces, developed starting from their margins, both spatial and temporal. Through it, it is possible to question the analytical and theoretical concepts that are used to interpret the city, challenging definitions, and applications. Based on the preliminary result of a wider ethnography, the article intends to create a dialogue between fieldwork experiences and the theoretical concept of "public space", starting from its classical declination. In particular, the space constructed by traceurs and traceuses will be read as a "secretly public" space. The expression, paradoxical for the Habermasian tradition, intends to highlight how the public¬ ity is constructed and produced in a territoriology. Through it, actors, activities, and discourses are identified, between scalar strategies of management and control and minute practices of re-appropriation.
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Parkour, counter-conducts and the government of difference in post-industrial Turin
Autor
De Martini Ugolotti & Silk
2018
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City
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Turin, Parco Dora, urban regeneration, conduct of conduct, counter-conduct, parkour
Resumen
The following paper aims to offer a critical discussion of the unfolding politics of belonging and exclusion taking place in Turin’s regenerating cityscape as a way to illuminate the paradoxes, tensions and daily negotiations of emerging forms of social and spatial restructuring in the post-industrial city. In developing this analysis, we engage with an integrated methodological approach that privileges the voices and experiences of about 30 young men, mostly of migrant origins and aged 16–21, practicing parkour in the city’s public spaces. In addressing these issues, we focus on the participants’ engagement with one of the symbols of Turin’s (multi)cultural, community-oriented and creative renewal, the post-industrial urban park of Parco Dora in order to unpack the processes of inclusion/exclusion and the conduct of conduct enacted in the creation, management and use of the city’s regenerating areas. Our discussion of the participants’ ambivalent and contested practices in Turin’s cityscape enabled us to address how these young men re-inscribe tensions, instabilities and fault-lines relational to the ‘selective story-telling’ characterising Turin’s narratives of consensual transformation, post-industrial renaissance and (multi)cultural vitality. In particular, by engaging with the participants’ bodily and spatial negotiations in Turin’s public spaces through the lens of counter-conduct, we highlight the significance of recognising and examining partial, but productive forms of urban contestation within contemporary, pacified scenarios of urban regeneration.
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Da Rua para o Mundo: Etnografia Urbana Comparada do Graffiti e do Parkour
Autor
Ferreira
2018
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Análise Social
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista - Revisión de libro
Idioma
Portugés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Landscaping Selves Through Parkour: Reinterpreting the Urban Environment of Singapore
Autor
Loo & Bunnell
2018
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Space and Culture
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
parkour, Singapore, mobilities, landscape, body, more-than-representational geographies
Resumen
Drawing on cultural geographical work on mobilities and landscape, this article examines parkour in Singapore, a context in which everyday mobile practices are conventionally understood to be heavily constrained and disciplined. As an urban mobile practice that involves bodily adaptation to and dynamic interaction with the prevailing built environment, parkour reveals complex relationships between the self and the landscape. For its practitioners, the doing of parkour holds potential not only for reimagining what Singapore’s urban landscape is or can be but also for reconfiguring understandings of themselves. The term landscaping captures the continuous and concurrent shaping of self and landscape through parkour; landscapes affect individual bodies and are actively (re)constituted through embodied movement. The article engages parkour in more-than-representational terms. By segueing between discursive and phenomenological approaches to mobilities and landscape, a dual emphasis on corporeal experience and representational frameworks highlights how both create and/or regulate such mobile bodies and practices within the landscape.
URL
Parkour and the City: Risk, Masculinity, and Meaning in a Postmodern Sport
Autor
Neville
2018
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Gender & Society
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista - Revisión de libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Risk and benefits in lifestyle sports: parkour, law and social value
Autor
Gilchrist & Osborn
2017
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International Journal of Sport Policy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Risks, ports law, lifestyle sport, liability, social benefit, parkour
Resumen
This paper examines the interrelationship between law and lifestyle sports, viewed through the lens of parkour. We argue that the literature relating to legal approaches to lifestyle sport is currently underdeveloped. Law is viewed as a largely negative presence, seen particularly in terms of the ways in which counter-cultural activities are policed and regulated, where such activities are perceived to be transgressive and undesirable. We argue that this is a somewhat unsophisticated take on how the law can operate, with law constructed as an outcome of constraints to behaviour (where the law authorises or prohibits), distinct from the legal contexts, environments and spaces in which these relationships occur. We examine specifically the interrelationship between risk and benefit and how the law recognises issues of social utility or value, particularly within the context of lifestyle sport. A case study is provided of the employment of claims to social value present in the advancing institutionalisation of parkour in the United Kingdom. Through the case study, the paper seeks to foreground a more nuanced position that moves away from user-centred constructions of law as an imposition toward an appreciation of how the law can be used to support and extend claims to space.
URL
The Aesthetic and Philosophical Integration of Parkour with Bartenieff Release-Based Modern Dance
Autor
Spongberg
2017
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Dance Department Best Student Papers
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
El parkour como práctica cultural, un análisis desde las relaciones de poder
Autor
Gutiérrez
2017
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Cuerpo, cultura y movimiento
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
parkour, cultura, prácticas juveniles, movimiento, ciudad, poder, hegemonía.
Resumen
Desde hace más de una década, en Colombia ha estado creciendo una comunidadde jóvenes que se dedica a la práctica del parkour, actividad física en la que se utiliza el cuerpo para desplazarse por los espacios urbanos y naturales, desarrollando diferentes tipos de movimientos y acrobacias. El presente artículo se aproxima a este como una nueva práctica cultural, que no ha sido suficientemente explorada por la academia colombiana, sobre la cual se resignifican los espacios y se construyen valores comunes entre los practicantes; quienes rompen con las estructuras de significado hegemónicas que se circunscriben sobre los espacios, para proponer una forma deinteracción diferente entre los sujetos y la ciudad.
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Body consciousness in modern urban surroundings. Freerunning and parkour
Autor
Petri
2017
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Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
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