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HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES
sociología - antropología - filosofía - historia - derecho - etc.
Desenvolvimento do Parkour no Brasil
Autor
Vieira & Assis
2016
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Congresso Brasileiro de Historia do Deporte, Lazer e Educacao Fisica
Tipo de publicación
Publicación en congreso
Idioma
Portugués
Palabras clave
Parkour; Parkour no Brasil; Atividade de Aventura; Lazer
Resumen
URL
Parkour as a pas de deux: Learning to dance with and within unstable spaces
Autor
Gravestock
2016
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Theatre, Dance and Performance Training
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, pas de deux, drawing, duet, scenography
Resumen
Whilst the show and tricks of Parkour are often attributed to a theatrical event, Parkour enthusiasts fiercely dismiss the idea that what they do is performance. For the Parkour participant, often known as the Traceur, Parkour is a personal journey created by efficient and effective movement from point A to point B. However, in spite of the self-contained nature of Parkour, the Traceur will frequently attract an accidental audience and is now extending its reach into other fields. It is therefore relevant to question how Traceurs create and develop their performance, and how other performance training practices that share similar conditions and objectives could benefit from this understanding. To investigate the training practices used by the Traceur, this paper refers to Higgins, who applies a performance-based vocabulary to discuss and describe contemporary Parkour practice. Using a drawing as a research approach, the article examines Higgins’ application of dance as a means to better understand the Traceur’s process and uses this comparison to break the training process down further. Doing so reveals how the space in which they perform becomes a creative and pedagogical partner with a value that extends beyond Parkour and into other creative disciplines.
URL
What can the parkour craftsmen tell us about bodily expertise and skilled movement?
Autor
H øjbjerre
2016
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Sport, Ethics and Philosophy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, skills, expertise, craftsmanship, play
Resumen
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion of expertise and skilled movement in sport by analysing the bodily practice of learning a new movement at a high level of skill in parkour. Based on Sennett’s theory of craftsmanship and an ethnographic field study with experienced practitioners, the analysis offers insight into the skilful, contextual and unique practice of parkour, and contributes to the renewed discussion of consciousness in sport at a high level of skill. With Sennett’s concept of craftsmanship, it is possible to describe and grasp important aspects of obstacles put up, repetitions and material consciousness in developing perceptual and physical skills in parkour. The parkour craftsmen conduct a constant dialogue between concrete, material practices and thinking. It is argued in the article that Sennett’s ideas about craftsmanship are, in many ways, similar to Dreyfus and Dreyfus’ concept of mastery, but are less elitist and exclusive than the theory of skill acquisition. The parkour craftsmen add a critical cultural perspective to the academic field of skills and expertise in sport. They furthermore offer insight into the ontology of play, and how it plays an important role in developing skills at a high level.
URL
Parkour e valores morais: ser forte para ser útil
Autor
Vieira & Galvão
2016
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Motrivivência (Florianópolis)
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Portugés
Palabras clave
Valores Sociales: Deportes/ética: Desarrollo Moral
Resumen
Este estudo objetiva apreender os discursos científicos e "populares"; divulgados sobre o Parkour, priorizando a identificação de valores morais relacionados a essa prática corporal. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura acadêmica científica e uma revisão sistemática de reportagens divulgadas em mídias "populares" través do descritor "Parkour". Os resultados evidenciaram que características como companheirismo, respeito, altruísmo, integração social e responsabilidade estão presentes no Parkour; por outro lado, também sugeriram que seu processo de popularização tem facilitado a divulgação de uma imagem distorcida da prática, supervalorizando valores morais distantes daqueles preconizados pelos seus idealizadores.
URL
If I climb a wall of ten meters: Capoeira, parkour and the politics of public space among (post) migrant youth in Turin, Italy
Autor
De Martini Ugolotti & Moyer
2016
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Patterns of Prejudice
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
capoeira, immigration, parkour, public space, social navigation, Turin, youth
Resumen
Rather than being seen as citizens, the children of immigrants are portrayed as a population to be controlled and contained across Europe. In Italy today, debates about cultural ‘authenticity’ and renewed nationalism accompany waves of moral panic that depict a country under siege by illegal and unwanted immigrants. Specifically in cities, immigrants and their children are imagined and portrayed as alien and out of place. Drawing on fourteen months of ethnographic research in Turin, Italy, with children of immigrants aged between 16 and 21, De Martini Ugolotti and Moyer illustrate how these youth make use of their bodies through capoeira and parkour practices to contest and reappropriate public spaces, thereby challenging dominant visions about what constitutes the public, how it should be used and by whom. They analyse the ‘body in place’ to understand how the children of immigrants navigate unequal spatial relations and challenge dominant regimes of representation, while also attempting to improve their life conditions and reach their personal goals.
URL
Parkour, Gendered Power and the Politics of Identity
Autor
Wheaton
2016
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Women in Action Sport Cultures
Tipo de publicación
Capítulo de libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Female Participant, Action Sport, Dominant Discourse, Fitness Class, Masculine Identity
Resumen
In this chapter I explore gendered power relations in the predominantly urban- based and male-dominated activity of parkour. I draw on empirical research conducted in England, and media commentaries, including a case study of women in Iran. I highlight parkour’s unique ethos and dominant form of masculinity, illustrating that despite the male dominance, parkour appears not to embrace some central aspects of traditional sporting masculinity such as the win-at-all cost ethos, aggression, and exclusion. However despite this desire for inclusivity, and evidence of men’s attempts to involve and encourage women, for some women parkour spaces are nonetheless perceived as alienating, and all women environments have provided ‘safer’ spaces for entry. I highlight the contradictions faced by women who participate in parkour, and advocate for more extensive research that focuses on female participants experiences.
URL
Managing alternative sports: new organisational spaces for the diffusion of Italian parkour
Autor
Camoletto et al.
2015
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Modern Italy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
parkour, space, organisation, cultural politics, youth
Resumen
This article explores the encounter between parkour as an unstructured and culturally innovative practice, challenging both physical as well as organisational spaces, and UISP (Unione Italiana Sport per Tutti/Italian Union of Sport for All) as a sport-promotion body open to organisational and cultural experimentation. Drawing on a multi-method qualitative approach (analysis of documentary material, interviews and focus groups), it looks at the role of UISP in the diffusion and legitimisation of parkour within the Italian context, investigating the interplay between the cultural and organisational logics of both this new practice itself on the one hand, and the organisations that are trying to accommodate it on the other. The incorporation in a sport-for-all organisation like UISP provides traceurs with a safe and legitimised space, which is, however, ‘loose’ enough to maintain the fluidity of the practice. Nonetheless, by enabling the coexistence of different and competing definitions and uses of parkour, this fluid organisational space reproduces tensions among traceurs and weakens their voice in UISP's decision-making processes.
URL
Giardini Govi is our spot! When parkour meets Genoa
Autor
Benasso
2015
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Modern Italy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
parkour, Genoa, ethnoscape, augmented reality, disciplinary gaze
Resumen
This article focuses on the experience of a group of traceurs (people practising parkour) in the urban context of Genoa. It describes a public area of the town – the ‘spot’ most frequently used for training – from the specific point of view of the traceurs. Genoa is made up of different and relatively autonomous public spaces with specific and cultural characters, but parkour originates from the attempt to disrupt and reconfigure the city's institutional framework. Genoese traceurs share some of their orientation with other parkour groups in Europe and North America: they are attempting to define new ways of moving and new meanings for urban spaces and to expand the standard definition of a citizen. However, in the urban environment of Genoa, traceurs have to face diverse forms of opposition to their attempts to define their own pathways through the everyday flow of people, and in the disciplinary gaze of other citizens.
URL
El arte del extravío: corporalidades y afectos en el parkour
Autor
Leyden
2015
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Corpografías
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Afectos, Autoetnografía, Corporalidades, Parkour
Resumen
Este artículo explora las contradicciones entre el relato visual del parkour y la experiencia incorporada cotidiana de sus practicantes en Bogotá. En esta medida, propone que la experiencia vital en el parkour tiene lugar como una serie de prácticas y saberes encarnados, que transforman la ciudad y el cuerpo en campo de experimentación. A partir de lo anterior, da cuenta de las transformaciones corporales que introduce esta disciplina, con el fin de problematizar los estudios del cuerpo basados en las representaciones, o los acercamientos teóricos que se limitan a la experiencia fenomenológica. Finalmente, examina las potencialidades de la autoetnografía en los estudios del cuerpo y cuestiona cuáles son los afectos o fuerzas que irrumpen en el parkour y lo convierten en un “arte del extravío”
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El cuerpo y el espacio en la práctica del parkour
Autor
Manuel
2015
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Reista Nexus Comunicación
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Parkour, Cuerpo, Espacio.
Resumen
Este artículo explora la experiencia del cuerpo en un grupo de practicantes de parkour en la Universidad del Valle. Se basa en una experiencia de participación etnográfica con un grupo de práctica del parkour en la que se privilegiaron las herramientas del trabajo etnográfico, dándole un lugar particular a los efectos de la práctica en el cuerpo del investigador que se ha integrado a ella como registro de la experiencia. El propósito es ver a través de los lentes que ofrece el parkour el cuerpo y el espacio público en relación con los conceptos de discurso de subversión y técnicas corporales.
URL
Da Rua para o Mundo: Etnografia Urbana Comparada do Graffiti e do Parkour
Autor
Ferrero
2016
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Imprensa de Ciências Sociais
Tipo de publicación
Libro
Idioma
Portugés
Palabras clave
Resumen
O graffiti e o parkour são práticas culturais de rua que têm as cidades contemporâneas como seus palcos por excelência. Através de um trabalho de campo em profundidade nas cidades de Lisboa e de Barcelona e de três breves explorações etnográficas no Rio de Janeiro.
URL
IPA Thematic Analysis of Parkour and Freerunning
Autor
Wallace
2016
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International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences
Tipo de publicación
International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, free running, individual, selfexpression, qualitative, growth and development.
Resumen
Parkour and free running are unconventional physical activities that are non-competitive in nature. Participants focus on the development of individual physical and mental strength, fluidity of movement and teamwork. Participants practice the activities in groups or alone and incorporate elements of self-expression and gymnastic movement. Moves can include running, rolling, jumping, climbing, swinging and vaulting. This paper provides the results of a qualitative study into the major psychological and sociological reasons for their emergence. The detailed accounts of eight parkour and free running participants significantly contribute towards broadening understanding on their growth and development.
URL
The social bordering of lifestyle sports: inclusive principles, exclusive reality
Autor
Rannikko et al.
2016
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Journal of Youth Studies
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Exclusion, sport culture, inclusion, lifestyles
Resumen
Lifestyle sports are created and maintained through global youth cultural representations disseminated by many current media channels. Lifestyle sports attract young people due to their images of sociality, joyful creativity, speed and excitement, urban exoticism and their subcultural distinction from mainstream sports. This distinction is maintained with claims of social and cultural openness. Through a case analysis conducted for a research project we asked: How open are lifestyle sports communities and to whom? Who can take part in the subcultural world of lifestyle sports? What kinds of structural or personal attributes connected with individuals restrict certain young people's participation in this world? The research material consists of qualitative and quantitative data collected among skateboarding, longboarding, parkour and roller derby practitioners in Finland. Seeking answers brings researchers to the classical sociological background variables and their intersections: gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability and socioeconomic status. In lifestyle sports, these categorisations are linked with physical skills as subcultural symbolic capital, which is central in the exclusive and inclusive practices in lifestyle sports communities. Despite the inclusive principles that lifestyle sports practitioners emphasise, the ideal lifestyle sport practitioner seems to be represented by hegemonic masculinity, muscular strength and agility symbolising sporting abilities.
URL
El cuerpo y su relación con el espacio urbano. La práctica corporal del break dance en la ciudad de México
Autor
Alvarado
2016
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Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Resumen
El interés principal de esta investigación radica es el estudio sociológico de los usos del cuerpo en el break dance como práctica corporal estética recreativa realizada por grupos juveniles en el espacio urbano de la Ciudad de México. Haciendo uso del método cualitativo de corte etnográfico, en el seguimiento a diferentes agrupaciones de baile realizado a lo largo del año 2014, se intenta comprender el significado que los practicantes le atribuyen a su corporalidad con base en la práctica, conocer el papel que desempeña el uso social del cuerpo en los grupos, saber cómo la actividad se vuelve un modo de vivir su condición de juventud y estilo de vida, explorando las diferencias de género, pues al tratarse de una práctica masculinizada, el sentido subjetivo que los practicantes le otorgan a sus acciones es atravesado por una experiencia diferenciada tanto al interior como al exterior de la práctica corporal.
URL
Action sports for youth development: critical insights for the SDP community
Autor
Thorpe
2016
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International Journal of Sport Policy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Youth, action sports, sports for development and peace building
Resumen
This article identifies new trends in youth sport participation, particularly the growing popularity of non-competitive, informal, non-institutionalized ‘action sports’ (e.g., skateboarding, surfing, snowboarding, parkour). Drawing upon an array of international examples and qualitative research including interviews and media analysis, it considers the potential of action sports for making a valuable contribution to the sport for development and peace (SDP) movement. More specifically, the author argues that those working in the field of sport for youth development would do well to critically consider the alternative value systems in action sports and to recognize youth agency and creativity in both developed and (re)developing nations. It concludes by offering policy implications and encouraging youth-focused SDP initiatives to move beyond the ‘deficit model’ and towards more collaborative projects that provide space for local voices and acknowledge youth agency.
URL
Jump Lisbon! Notes from an ethnography of urban flows
Autor
Ferro
2015
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Portuguese Journal of Social Science
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Parkour is a relatively new practice in Portugal. It became popular in Lisbon because it has some public places, including Telheiras and the Parque das Nações, that are appreciated by parkour protagonists. Telheiras has a very special architecture that is ideal for parkour jumping, while the Parque das Nações is a renewed part of the city with good areas and is well served by public transport promoting the meetings between traceurs from across the city and the country. Focusing on the results of an ethnography that has these two points as its main research fields, we will discuss how an examination of these practices requires the construction of an ethnography of urban flows within a multi-scale analysis. This article is based on the results of doctoral research. Intensive fieldwork was carried out with participant observation and the use of ethnographic methodology in an attempt to understand the traceurs’ map of Lisbon.
URL
Youth, action sports and political agency in the Middle East: Lessons from a grassroots parkour group in Gaza
Autor
Thorpe & Ahmad
2015
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International Review for the Sociology of Sport
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
youth, middle east, gaza, action sports, parkour
Resumen
In this paper we build upon recent scholarship on the globalization of youth culture and sport to examine the growing popularity of action sports in the Middle East. We focus on the development of the urban physical practice of parkour (also known as free running)—the act of running, jumping, leaping through an urban environment as fluidly, efficiently and creatively as possible—among Middle Eastern youth. Drawing upon interviews and media analysis of various print, digital and social media, we reveal how youth (particularly young men) in Gaza developed their own unique parkour group, despite various social, cultural, economic, physical and psychological obstacles. We explain the proactive approaches adopted by these young men to find appropriate training spaces, to develop the skills of local children and youth, and to support their peer groups. In particular, we describe how these young men are creatively engaging social media (e.g., YouTube, Facebook, Twitter) to gain inspiration from the transnational parkour community, and also for opening new dialogue and establishing informal cultural exchanges with parkour enthusiasts around the world. We conclude by offering some broader comments for the Sport for Development and Peace Building (SDP) movement, encouraging youth-focused SDP initiatives to move beyond the ‘deficit model’ and toward more collaborative projects that provide space for local voices and acknowledge youth agency.
URL
Distinction between parkour and freerunning
Autor
Derakhshan & Machejefski
2015
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Chinese Journal of Traumatology - English Edition
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Lo sublime de la acción. Riesgo, límite y frontera a través del parkour
Autor
Ferrero
2015
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Universidad de Salamanca
Tipo de publicación
Tesis doctoral o similar
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Resumen
El presente trabajo tiene por objeto de estudio dos conceptos bien diferenciados y sobre los que se tratará de poner en relación con el fin de poder observar y comprender las dinámicas que pueden establecerse entre ambos. El primero de ellos el concepto de lo sublime, ampliamente estudiado a lo largo del tiempo en el ámbito académico y el segundo de ellos el parkour, una actividad física a medio camino entre el deporte y el arte, que por su novedad y urgencia se vuelve esencial su estudio y análisis en este caso en clave filosófica.
URL
Climbing walls, making bridges: children of immigrants’ identity negotiations through capoeira and parkour in Turin
Autor
De Martini Ugolotti
2015
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Leisure Studies
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
capoeira, parkour, Turin, leisure, identity, migration
Resumen
Capoeira and parkour are two different body practices which have gained worldwide attention in urban settings in the last few decades. The following paper will explore how capoeira and parkour relate to the construction of identity paths amongst children of immigrants between 12 and 20 in Turin, Italy. It will do so by looking at how such practices are used by young men of migrant origin to negotiate and perform narratives of self-worth, belonging and recognition within marginalising and excluding urban environments. This study acknowledges that social identifications are created, negotiated and (re)produced through bodily and spatial means and within networks of power relations. Following this premise, the insights proposed in this paper suggest that the ambivalent and fluid use of bodies and spaces implied by capoeira and parkour can represent a meaningful lens to understand the embodied and spatial identity negotiations enacted by participants in their daily lives. This theoretical perspective will illuminate the place that active bodies, spaces and leisure practices take in the negotiation of social identities, and dynamics of inclusion/exclusion, enacted by youth of migrant origin within early twenty-first century Turin cityscape.
URL
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