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HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES
sociología - antropología - filosofía - historia - derecho - etc.
What can the parkour craftsmen tell us about bodily expertise and skilled movement?
Autor
Højbjerre
2016
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Sport, Ethics and Philosophy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, skills, expertise, craftsmanship, play
Resumen
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion of expertise and skilled movement in sport by analysing the bodily practice of learning a new movement at a high level of skill in parkour. Based on Sennett’s theory of craftsmanship and an ethnographic field study with experienced practitioners, the analysis offers insight into the skilful, contextual and unique practice of parkour, and contributes to the renewed discussion of consciousness in sport at a high level of skill. With Sennett’s concept of craftsmanship, it is possible to describe and grasp important aspects of obstacles put up, repetitions and material consciousness in developing perceptual and physical skills in parkour. The parkour craftsmen conduct a constant dialogue between concrete, material practices and thinking. It is argued in the article that Sennett’s ideas about craftsmanship are, in many ways, similar to Dreyfus and Dreyfus’ concept of mastery, but are less elitist and exclusive than the theory of skill acquisition. The parkour craftsmen add a critical cultural perspective to the academic field of skills and expertise in sport. They furthermore offer insight into the ontology of play, and how it plays an important role in developing skills at a high level.
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La disciplina del desplazamiento. un recurso para la escena contemporánea
Autor
Paulín & Álvarez
2016
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MAGOTZI Boletín Científico de Artes del IA
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Displazement, Inercia, Parkour, Art de déplacement, Naranja-Escena, Disciplina del Desplazamiento, Escena contemporánea.
Resumen
La Disciplina del Desplazamiento, nació durante los años ochenta, en los barrios que se encuentran alrededor de París. La práctica surgió gracias a un grupo de jóvenes de clase media-baja que se juntaban y utilizaban las estructuras urbanas como un medio para ejercitarse, moverse y divertirse, ya que no tenían la posibilidad de pagar un gimnasio. El practicante que desee ejercerla necesita adquirir ciertas habilidades y trabajar sobre ciertos aspectos, mismos que pueden aprovecharse como herramientas para las artes escénicas. Con esto no se busca decir que esta disciplina deba trasladarse directo al escenario, lo interesante resulta de la aplicación de sus herramientas para la construcción de un sincretismo que lo enriquezca. Paralelamente, la Disciplina del Desplazamiento es una vía alterna que genera conocimiento para comprender el proceso actoral de una manera más sintética y violenta; violenta, porque el proceso se condensa. Mientras en el teatro un actor puede alegar o justificar su desempeño, mentir y/o mantenerse en un lugar cómodo, para el practicante de esta disciplinano existe esa posibilidad, ya que se traduce en un accidente inminente.
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Determining The Social and Psychological Reasons for The Emergence of Parkour and Free Running – An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis
Autor
Wallace & Kilili
2016
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International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, free running, self-improvement, endurance, discipline, strength, Flexibility and balance.
Resumen
Parkour and free running are newly emerged high risk urbanised activities still relatively understudied. They don’t appear to be subject to rules and regulations with aims and objectives being unclear. There are no distinct signs of competition and yet competitors are extremely trained, highly ordered, thriving on the danger and adrenaline participation produces. The participants perform dangerous gymnastic movements utilising awkward obstacles without the use of protective clothing and don’t appear to be concerned with the welfare of people in the vicinity. The activities are associated with self-improvement, endurance, discipline, strength, flexibility and balance. Parkour and free running videos are frequently posted on the self-broadcast website, YouTube. Here participants can be seen leaping from high buildings, climbing walls and jumping between handrails. This study presents the results of a phenomenological study of eight parkour and free running participants. A systematic IPA procedure was incorporated into the study to enter into a participant’s reality to obtain experiences of parkour and free running.
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Action sports for youth development: critical insights for the SDP community
Autor
Thorpe
2016
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International Journal of Sport Policy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Youth, action sports, sports for development and peace building
Resumen
This article identifies new trends in youth sport participation, particularly the growing popularity of non-competitive, informal, non-institutionalized ‘action sports’ (e.g., skateboarding, surfing, snowboarding, parkour). Drawing upon an array of international examples and qualitative research including interviews and media analysis, it considers the potential of action sports for making a valuable contribution to the sport for development and peace (SDP) movement. More specifically, the author argues that those working in the field of sport for youth development would do well to critically consider the alternative value systems in action sports and to recognize youth agency and creativity in both developed and (re)developing nations. It concludes by offering policy implications and encouraging youth-focused SDP initiatives to move beyond the ‘deficit model’ and towards more collaborative projects that provide space for local voices and acknowledge youth agency.
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Desenvolvimento do Parkour no Brasil
Autor
Vieira & Assis
2016
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Congresso Brasileiro de Historia do Deporte, Lazer e Educacao Fisica
Tipo de publicación
Publicación en congreso
Idioma
Portugués
Palabras clave
Parkour; Parkour no Brasil; Atividade de Aventura; Lazer
Resumen
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The Digital Generation's Physical Activities
Autor
Pop
2015
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The Anthropologist
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Web Culture, Skateboarding, Biking, Parkour, Winter Olympic Games
Resumen
This paper is an original approach about the informal physical activities and the preferences of the youngsters. Digital generation is the young generation born after the PC (personal computer) and Internet was largely introduced. From the early years of life they grow up with computer games, having accounts on social online communities and searching for information on Internet. Sports have their own place in this contemporaneous trend and are in tight relationship with web cultural elements, exploring new spaces and possibilities. Rollers, skateboarders, bikers or the ones who use just their own body for creating new, original movements, and tricks are using new patterns of learning, exercising and communicating. Instead of explanations they use the mobile phone to video recorder and watch the drills. The young people communities formed by common interests, sharing experiences and knowledge have a certain social and cultural value. The high speed, the high technology (IT gadgets) and a high level of adrenaline are, in author’s opinion, the three main factors that define the spirit of the young generation physical activity.
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Parkour y ciudadanía; prácticas corporales alternativas en la ciudad
Autor
Certuche & Cortes
2015
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5º Coloquio Internacional de la Educación Corporal
Tipo de publicación
Publicación en congreso
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Parkour, Práctica corporal, Ciudadanía, Subjetividad.
Resumen
Bogotá, se erige como el escenario que a nivel nacional convoca a todos y todas, es el territorio que acoge la multiculturalidad y sus múltiples significaciones. Tal diversidad de significados condensada en un mismo escenario, invita a su integración, complementación, confrontación u oposición, pero sobre todo al ejercicio ciudadano que da lugar a la aparición de nuevas formas de representar, vivir y comprender dichos significados. Así entonces, nos preguntamos ¿Cuáles son los significados atribuidos por sus practicantes al Parkour, como practica corporal al interior del perímetro urbano de Bogotá? El propósito fundamental planteado fue hacer visibles los modos específicos de conocer, significar, relacionarse entre sujetos y con los espacios de la ciudad a partir de esta práctica, de manera que permitiera profundizar en la información que de ella se tiene, más allá de su historia y características como técnica de movimiento. Metodológicamente, la investigación fue desarrollada bajo un enfoque cualitativo, siendo esta de tipo descriptivo y apoyada en la información obtenida mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y observaciones. Como conclusión se evidencio que la organización interior del grupo abordado, le permite a sus integrantes no solo asumir roles de pertenecía en el mismo, sino apropiarse de la práctica como un estilo de vida, que integra los propios valores con los de los entornos a que acude, constituyéndose de este modo en un tipo particular de ciudadano.
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Giardini Govi is our spot! When parkour meets Genoa
Autor
Benasso
2015
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Modern Italy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
parkour, Genoa, ethnoscape, augmented reality, disciplinary gaze
Resumen
This article focuses on the experience of a group of traceurs (people practising parkour) in the urban context of Genoa. It describes a public area of the town – the ‘spot’ most frequently used for training – from the specific point of view of the traceurs. Genoa is made up of different and relatively autonomous public spaces with specific and cultural characters, but parkour originates from the attempt to disrupt and reconfigure the city's institutional framework. Genoese traceurs share some of their orientation with other parkour groups in Europe and North America: they are attempting to define new ways of moving and new meanings for urban spaces and to expand the standard definition of a citizen. However, in the urban environment of Genoa, traceurs have to face diverse forms of opposition to their attempts to define their own pathways through the everyday flow of people, and in the disciplinary gaze of other citizens.
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Parkouritiba: conexão entre corpo, cidade e espaço
Autor
Chagas et al.
2015
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Licere (Online)
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Portugés
Palabras clave
Cidades. Área Urbana. Atividades de Lazer.
Resumen
O Parkour vem ganhando adeptos em diversos lugares, muitas vezes pela facilidade de acesso, seja no âmbito rural ou urbano. O principal objetivo do Parkour é ir de um ponto a outro de maneira mais rápida e eficiente possível, utilizando-se de habilidades humanas naturais como: correr, saltar, andar e escalar, no meio urbano. Desde 2010, na cidade de Curitiba, acontece o evento Parkouritiba, com o intuito de propor a socialização e a orientação da prática consciente e segura entre participantes. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo diagnosticar a realização dos eventos do Parkouritiba de 2013 e 2014, identificar os possíveis afastamentos e aproximações dos dois projetos, verificar o público atendido, assim como, discutir a relação entre a prática corporal, a apropriação dos espaços públicos da cidade e a educação urbana.: Parkour is gaining followers in many places, often by the ease of access and practice at rural or urban areas. The Parkour?s main objective is to go from one point to another as quickly and efficiently as possible, using human natural abilities such as running, jumping, walking and climbing. In the city of Curitiba, since 2010, Parkouritiba has the purpose to promote socialization and to guide participants into a secured practice. The objective of this study was to diagnose the events organized by Parkouritiba in 2013 and 2014, and to study the differences and similarities of these two events as well as to discuss the relationship between practice and city public spaces.
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Distinction between parkour and freerunning
Autor
Derakhshan & Machejefski
2015
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Chinese Journal of Traumatology - English Edition
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
El cuerpo y su relación con el espacio urbano. La práctica corporal del break dance en la ciudad de México
Autor
Alvarado
2016
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Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Resumen
El interés principal de esta investigación radica es el estudio sociológico de los usos del cuerpo en el break dance como práctica corporal estética recreativa realizada por grupos juveniles en el espacio urbano de la Ciudad de México. Haciendo uso del método cualitativo de corte etnográfico, en el seguimiento a diferentes agrupaciones de baile realizado a lo largo del año 2014, se intenta comprender el significado que los practicantes le atribuyen a su corporalidad con base en la práctica, conocer el papel que desempeña el uso social del cuerpo en los grupos, saber cómo la actividad se vuelve un modo de vivir su condición de juventud y estilo de vida, explorando las diferencias de género, pues al tratarse de una práctica masculinizada, el sentido subjetivo que los practicantes le otorgan a sus acciones es atravesado por una experiencia diferenciada tanto al interior como al exterior de la práctica corporal.
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Youth-driven tactics of public space appropriation in Hanoi: The case of skateboarding and parkour
Autor
Geertman et al.
2016
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Pacific Affairs
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Starting in the 2000s, there has been a rise in youth-led appropriation of public spaces in Hanoi, Vietnam. Through case studies of skateboarders and traceurs (practitioners of parkour) in two of the city's formal public spaces, we explore and analyze the tactics deployed by these young urbanites to claim a part of the characteristically overcrowded and socio-politically restrictive public spaces of the Vietnamese capital. These case studies show that, by seeking to access public spaces for their new activities, skaters and traceurs have had to confront multiple sets of rules, imposed by not only the state, but also corporate actors and resident-driven surveillance. We find that skateboarders and traceurs deal with these forms of control largely through small-scale, non-ideological, and non-confrontational tactics. As a result, these youth practices have become normalized in Hanoi's public spaces. These findings broaden the discourses on everyday urbanism and social-political transformations in post-socialist urban contexts, and shed light on the ways in which contemporary youths engage with the city.
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The social bordering of lifestyle sports: inclusive principles, exclusive reality
Autor
Rannikko et al.
2016
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Journal of Youth Studies
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Exclusion, sport culture, inclusion, lifestyles
Resumen
Lifestyle sports are created and maintained through global youth cultural representations disseminated by many current media channels. Lifestyle sports attract young people due to their images of sociality, joyful creativity, speed and excitement, urban exoticism and their subcultural distinction from mainstream sports. This distinction is maintained with claims of social and cultural openness. Through a case analysis conducted for a research project we asked: How open are lifestyle sports communities and to whom? Who can take part in the subcultural world of lifestyle sports? What kinds of structural or personal attributes connected with individuals restrict certain young people's participation in this world? The research material consists of qualitative and quantitative data collected among skateboarding, longboarding, parkour and roller derby practitioners in Finland. Seeking answers brings researchers to the classical sociological background variables and their intersections: gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability and socioeconomic status. In lifestyle sports, these categorisations are linked with physical skills as subcultural symbolic capital, which is central in the exclusive and inclusive practices in lifestyle sports communities. Despite the inclusive principles that lifestyle sports practitioners emphasise, the ideal lifestyle sport practitioner seems to be represented by hegemonic masculinity, muscular strength and agility symbolising sporting abilities.
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IPA Thematic Analysis of Parkour and Freerunning
Autor
Wallace
2016
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International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences
Tipo de publicación
International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, free running, individual, selfexpression, qualitative, growth and development.
Resumen
Parkour and free running are unconventional physical activities that are non-competitive in nature. Participants focus on the development of individual physical and mental strength, fluidity of movement and teamwork. Participants practice the activities in groups or alone and incorporate elements of self-expression and gymnastic movement. Moves can include running, rolling, jumping, climbing, swinging and vaulting. This paper provides the results of a qualitative study into the major psychological and sociological reasons for their emergence. The detailed accounts of eight parkour and free running participants significantly contribute towards broadening understanding on their growth and development.
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Breaking the jump: the secret story of parkour's high-flying rebellion
Autor
Angel
2016
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Aurum Press
Tipo de publicación
Libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
From its humble origins in the backstreets and rooftops of Paris's urban jungle, to the tops of London and New York's skyscrapers, Parkour, has become an adrenaline-fuelled implosion on the urban landscape. But more than a sport that most jaw-dropped onlookers can hardly comprehend, Parkour is an exploration of movement and a return to our body's natural ability to run, jump, hang and move with fluidity. For the first time, Julie Angel tells the story of Parkour's beginnings - the diverse, intriguing and unusual characters who went to the rooftops, hung off the stairwells and drain pipes as they trained through the night, often risking their lives and created something that has become a worldwide phenomenon. Breaking the Jumpÿtells the unknown story behind Parkour's rise, and asks what is it that drives those who stand on the edge and think `go'.
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El arte del extravío: corporalidades y afectos en el parkour
Autor
Leyden
2015
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Corpografías
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Afectos, Autoetnografía, Corporalidades, Parkour
Resumen
Este artículo explora las contradicciones entre el relato visual del parkour y la experiencia incorporada cotidiana de sus practicantes en Bogotá. En esta medida, propone que la experiencia vital en el parkour tiene lugar como una serie de prácticas y saberes encarnados, que transforman la ciudad y el cuerpo en campo de experimentación. A partir de lo anterior, da cuenta de las transformaciones corporales que introduce esta disciplina, con el fin de problematizar los estudios del cuerpo basados en las representaciones, o los acercamientos teóricos que se limitan a la experiencia fenomenológica. Finalmente, examina las potencialidades de la autoetnografía en los estudios del cuerpo y cuestiona cuáles son los afectos o fuerzas que irrumpen en el parkour y lo convierten en un “arte del extravío”
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Jump Lisbon! Notes from an ethnography of urban flows
Autor
Ferro
2015
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Portuguese Journal of Social Science
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Parkour is a relatively new practice in Portugal. It became popular in Lisbon because it has some public places, including Telheiras and the Parque das Nações, that are appreciated by parkour protagonists. Telheiras has a very special architecture that is ideal for parkour jumping, while the Parque das Nações is a renewed part of the city with good areas and is well served by public transport promoting the meetings between traceurs from across the city and the country. Focusing on the results of an ethnography that has these two points as its main research fields, we will discuss how an examination of these practices requires the construction of an ethnography of urban flows within a multi-scale analysis. This article is based on the results of doctoral research. Intensive fieldwork was carried out with participant observation and the use of ethnographic methodology in an attempt to understand the traceurs’ map of Lisbon.
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Managing alternative sports: new organisational spaces for the diffusion of Italian parkour
Autor
Camoletto et al.
2015
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Modern Italy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
parkour, space, organisation, cultural politics, youth
Resumen
This article explores the encounter between parkour as an unstructured and culturally innovative practice, challenging both physical as well as organisational spaces, and UISP (Unione Italiana Sport per Tutti/Italian Union of Sport for All) as a sport-promotion body open to organisational and cultural experimentation. Drawing on a multi-method qualitative approach (analysis of documentary material, interviews and focus groups), it looks at the role of UISP in the diffusion and legitimisation of parkour within the Italian context, investigating the interplay between the cultural and organisational logics of both this new practice itself on the one hand, and the organisations that are trying to accommodate it on the other. The incorporation in a sport-for-all organisation like UISP provides traceurs with a safe and legitimised space, which is, however, ‘loose’ enough to maintain the fluidity of the practice. Nonetheless, by enabling the coexistence of different and competing definitions and uses of parkour, this fluid organisational space reproduces tensions among traceurs and weakens their voice in UISP's decision-making processes.
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Lo sublime de la acción. Riesgo, límite y frontera a través del parkour
Autor
Ferrero
2015
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Universidad de Salamanca
Tipo de publicación
Tesis doctoral o similar
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Resumen
El presente trabajo tiene por objeto de estudio dos conceptos bien diferenciados y sobre los que se tratará de poner en relación con el fin de poder observar y comprender las dinámicas que pueden establecerse entre ambos. El primero de ellos el concepto de lo sublime, ampliamente estudiado a lo largo del tiempo en el ámbito académico y el segundo de ellos el parkour, una actividad física a medio camino entre el deporte y el arte, que por su novedad y urgencia se vuelve esencial su estudio y análisis en este caso en clave filosófica.
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El cuerpo y el espacio en la práctica del parkour
Autor
Manuel
2015
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Reista Nexus Comunicación
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Parkour, Cuerpo, Espacio.
Resumen
Este artículo explora la experiencia del cuerpo en un grupo de practicantes de parkour en la Universidad del Valle. Se basa en una experiencia de participación etnográfica con un grupo de práctica del parkour en la que se privilegiaron las herramientas del trabajo etnográfico, dándole un lugar particular a los efectos de la práctica en el cuerpo del investigador que se ha integrado a ella como registro de la experiencia. El propósito es ver a través de los lentes que ofrece el parkour el cuerpo y el espacio público en relación con los conceptos de discurso de subversión y técnicas corporales.
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