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HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES
sociología - antropología - filosofía - historia - derecho - etc.
An existential phenomenological examination of parkour and freerunning
Autor
Clegg & Butryn
2012
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Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
embodiment; lifestyle sports; parkour; phenomenology; risk
Resumen
The purpose of this investigation was to explore the embodied experiences of practitioners of parkour and freerunning. Phenomenological interviews were conducted with 11 (9 male and 2 female) intermediate-to-advanced traceurs (parkour practitioners) ranging from 18 to 33 years old. Specifically, MerleauPonty’s phenomenological approach, which focuses on bodily perspective, was used to uncover and describe the meaning of these experiences. Following lengthy in-depth phenomenological interviews, two dimensions emerged: bodily experience and interactive experience. Several supporting themes also emerged, including play, movement and risk within the bodily experience dimension, and community, public and world within the interactive experience dimension. The findings of this study provide new perspectives of the experiences and meanings associated with participating in parkour and freerunning, and both support and contradict previous academic work on parkour.
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Coletivos juvenis e parkour no Brasil: percursos interculturais e identidades
Autor
Silva
2012
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Tomo
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Portugés
Palabras clave
Juventudes; Coletivos Juvenis; Interculturalidade; Identidades.
Resumen
Este trabalho problematiza os achados de estudo de campo realizado junto a coletivos juvenis de Teresina-PI-Brasil, mais especificamente junto aos jovens praticantes de Parkour, utilizando-se da etnografia, da entrevista grupal e da fotografia. Os resultados apontam a positividade dos coletivos e culturas juvenis para as sociabilidades partilhadas e identidades construídas em contextos de interculturalidade local-global, apontando para a caracterização dos processos identitários juvenis como relacionais, fluidos e abertos.
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Parkour, The Affective Appropriation of Urban Space, and the Real/Virtual Dialectic
Autor
Kidder
2012
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City and Community
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Parkour is a new sport based on athletically and artistically overcoming urban obstacles. In this paper, I argue that the real world practices of parkour are dialectically intertwined with the virtual worlds made possible by information and communication technologies. My analysis of parkour underscores how globalized ideas and images available through the Internet and other media can be put into practice within specific locales. Practitioners of parkour, therefore, engage their immediate, physical world at the same time that they draw upon an imagination enabled by their on‐screen lives. As such, urban researchers need to consider the ways that virtual worlds can change and enhance how individuals understand and utilize the material spaces of the city.
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Parkour: Creating loose spaces?
Autor
Ameel & Tani
2012
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Geografiska Annaler, Series B: Human Geography
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Loose space, parkour, public space, tight space
Resumen
Parkour is a spectacular and highly mediatized new way of movement that challenges conceptions of acceptable or appropriate behaviour in urban public space. This article will examine the potential of parkour to "loosen" urban spatial texture by applying recent thinking on loose and tight space by Karen A. Franck and Quentin Stevens to data gathered through in-depth interviews with parkour practitioners (traceurs) in two Finnish cities. When practising in urban public spaces, the traceurs we interviewed often caused confusion among other people. We explore how they negotiate their right to public space in the face of these reactions, either by evasion or with a combination of legal and moral arguments. We argue that parkour is not only a playful and confrontational practice with a potentially subversive character, but that the process of loosening space constitutes a complex dialectic, which may also involve a certain degree of tightening in the public space for other unexpected or unintended activities.
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My city moving. How the practice of parkour deepens the landscape of London
Autor
Merzel
2012
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Universidad de Utrecht
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
This study looks into the relationship between movement and the environment through an anthropological understanding of the manner in which the practice of parkour deepens the landscape of London. An embodied understanding of the practice of parkour – a process called ‘becoming’ – enables anthropology to gain insight into the world of the traceurs. Through ‘parkour vision’, traceurs deepen their perceptions of the city. Movement offers practitioners the possibilities to explore both the social and the physical aspects of the urban environment. Through parkour, traceurs generate shared experience by facing similar challenges and fears. These shared experiences take place directly and indirectly as they become part of the city’s surface itself.
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Lifestyle sport, public policy and youth engagement: Examining the emergence of parkour
Autor
Gilchrist & Wheaton
2011
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International Journal of Sport Policy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
lifestyle sport, parkour, youth policy, risk, youth, subculture
Resumen
In this article we consider the development of parkour in the South of England and its use in public policy debates and initiatives around youth, physical activity and risk. Based on in-depth qualitative interviews with participants and those involved in the development of parkour in education, sport policy and community-based partnerships, we explore the potential of parkour to engage communities, particularly those traditionally excluded from mainstream sport and physical education provision. We discuss how the perceived success of parkour in these different contexts is related to the culture and ethos of the activity that is more inclusive, anticompetitive and less rule-bound than most traditional sports, and to its ability to provide managed risk-taking. More broadly, the article highlights the emergence of lifestyle sports as tools for policymakers and the potential role these nontraditional, non-institutionalized lifestyle sports can make in terms of encouraging youth engagement, physical health and well-being. Our article therefore contributes to ongoing debates about the (in)ability of traditional sports to meet government targets for sport and physical activity participation.
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Play in the city. Parkour and architecture
Autor
Rawlinson & Guaralda
2011
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Proceedings of the First International Conference on Engineering, Designing and Developing the Built Environment for Sustainable Wellbeing
Tipo de publicación
Publicación en congreso
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
The ability to play freely in our cities is essential for sustainable wellbeing. When integrated successfully into our cities, Urban Play performs an important role; physically, socially and culturally contributing to the image of the city. While Urban Play is essential, it also finds itself in conflict with the city. Under modernist urban approaches play activities have become progressively segregated from the urban context through a tripartite of design, procurement and management practices. Despite these restrictions, emergent underground play forms overcome the isolation of play within urban space. One of these activities (parkour) is used as an evocative case study to reveal the hidden urban terrains of desire and fear as it re-interprets the fabric of the city, eliciting practice based discussions about procurement, design and management practice along its route.
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El parkour en la ciudad. Reflexiones en torno a una nueva práctica corporal
Autor
Diaz & Molejón
2011
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IX Congreso Argentino y Lationamericano de Educación Física y Ciencias
Tipo de publicación
Publicación en congreso
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Parkour, Prácticas corporales, Ciudad, Cuerpo, Cultura corporal.
Resumen
La siguiente ponencia se enmarca en el contexto del proyecto de investigación “El campo de las prácticas corporales en la ciudad de La Plata”, el cual aborda una reconstrucción del campo de prácticas y saberes corporales existentes en la ciudad de La Plata, a partir de la transformación de los capitales culturales existentes y la emergencia de nuevas prácticas. Entre tantas propuestas corporales que se observan actualmente en la ciudadteniendo en cuenta el trabajo de campo llevado adelante en el proyecto de investigación-, hemos seleccionado para esta ponencia una “nueva” práctica: el Parkour. A modo de una primera aproximación conceptual, el Parkour es una disciplina que consiste en desplazarse de un punto a otro lo más fluidamente posible, usando principalmente las habilidades del cuerpo. Tomando a las prácticas corporales como configuraciones de movimiento que se despliegan en específicas situaciones culturales de realización, esta ponencia intentará trazar líneas que caracterizan al Parkour para comprender su lógica e incursionar de este modo en una manifestación actual de una nueva cultura corporal. El origen, los modos, lugares, saberes y móviles de la práctica, así como también el uso de la tecnología y el escenario urbano otorgarán indicios sobre los caminos posibles por los que circula el Parkour.
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Por un parkour filosófico cotidiano
Autor
Arias
2011
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Universidad Pontificia Javeriana
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Vida cotidiana, sentido comun
Resumen
Reinterpretar el problema de la vida cotidiana para la filosofía es lo que se propone Por un parkour filosófico cotidiano . Para ello, en primer lugar, se analiza el concepto de cotidianidad desarrollado por tres importantes filósofos, a saber: Husserl, Heidegger y Wittgenstein. En segundo lugar, se toma como modelo de análisis la reinvención de la práctica cotidiana del caminar que realiza el parkour a lo largo de las calles en donde éste se practica diariamente. Dicha reinvención del caminar permite burlar, como una táctica, el poder hegemónico impuesto, a manera de estrategia, por la organización urbanística, la cual cuadricula el modo de vida del hombre corriente. Pero es sólo él, el hombre diseminado en las calles, quien es capaz de manipular y transformar para su beneficio lo que se le ha impuesto alrededor.
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Athletes and street acrobats: designing for play as a community value in parkour
Autor
Waern et al.
2012
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Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tipo de publicación
Publicación en congreso
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour; Freerunning; Youth Culture; Design; Mobile service; Location-based service; fun; sports; community
Resumen
Participatory design methods face challenges when designing for a widespread youth community. In such projects, it is not enough to design in collaboration with a few selected individuals; one must also strive to understand the community at a deeper level and incorporate its values and practices into the design solution. We report on our process of designing with, and for, an identified youth group: the Parkour and Freerunning community. We show how the successful design relied not only on employing methods of participatory observation and participatory design, but also on acquiring an understanding of the practice as a "fun community", valuing play over achievement and competition.
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A door for creativity-art and competition in parkour
Autor
O'Loughlin
2012
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Theatre, Dance and Performance Training
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, Competition, Art, Training, Performance-Parkour
Resumen
With the growth in popularity of Parkour has come the rise of a competition circuit and organised efforts to see the discipline recognised as a sport, complete with coaching certifications and a move towards a nationally adopted accreditation. Whilst these competitions have gained mainstream media coverage and a very high level of corporate sponsorship, they've also been dogged by injuries and a noticeable lack of “fluidity of movement” – which is often described as the main aim of Parkour. If Parkour IS recognised as a sport, what impact will this have on those practitioners looking to engage with the form through an artistic practice? And how does the lure of competition effect the development of training models? In this article we'll argue that a sporting definition for Parkour would come with risks to its creative future; limiting innovation and artistic development. We'll draw on the history of vertical skateboarding to see what lessons can be learned there, and we'll examine the words of Parkour's co-creators – how do they define the discipline? Does the fact that none of them has entered competition point to a different route for the artistic development of “Performance-Parkour?” And how have our own experiences with the Urban Playground Team and Gravity Style defined our own training regime?
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The semiotics of parkour
Autor
Leone
2012
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Kodikas / Code
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
The present article is part of a vast research and publication project whose main purpose is to reveal some of the essential characteristics of the phenomenology and semiotics of belonging in contemporary societies and cultures. Such purpose is pursued through the analysis of the way in which these characteristics are manifested by various kinds of physical and conceptual (dis)placements across identity frontiers. The article, in particular, proposes a phenomenological and semiotic reflection on the dialectics between two opposite agencies. On the one hand, the agency of political power as it is expressed in the utopia of controlling the frontiers of belonging through centralized urban and architectural planning. On the other hand, the urban phenomenon of parkour as sum of individual agencies that seeks to defy political power, its utopia of centralized control, and the urban frontiers of belonging that it brings about. Such challenge is undertaken by means of a practice (and performance) of physical (dis)placement through space, which systematically defies its urban and architectural structure.
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Chaos and creativity of play. Designing emotional engagement in public spaces
Autor
Rawlinson & Guaralda
2012
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8th International Design and Emotion Conference.
Tipo de publicación
Publicación en congreso
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Play, Parkour, Urban, Architecture
Resumen
How do we create strong urban narratives? How do we create affection for our cities? Play, an essential part of any species' biological existence and development, can often be perceived as chaotic and derogatory to social and spatial order. Play is also often perceived as a creative force which generates social and spatial value. This paper looks at the design approaches to both chaotic and creative perceptions of publics at play in urban space. Commonly, Urban and Architectural Design constitutes reactive management of perceived chaos, which derogatorily effects our sensory and emotional engagement with space. Alternatively, Urban and Architectural Design can appeal to the creativity of play, by encouraging unsolicited novelty that is vital to strong experiential narratives in the city and iterating environments that encourage the emergence of physical, emotional and cultural invention.
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Extreme landscapes of leisure: Not a hap-hazardous sport
Autor
Laviolette
2012
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Routledge
Tipo de publicación
Libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
In recent years, there has been an increased engagement throughout the social sciences with the study of extreme places and practices. Dangerous games and adventure tours have shifted from being marginal, exotic or mad to being more than merely acceptable. They are now exemplary, mainstream even: there are a variety of new types, increasing numbers of people are doing them and they are being appropriated and have infiltrated more and more contexts. This book argues that hazardous sports and adventure tourism have become rather paradoxical. As a set of activities where players and holidaymakers are closer to death or danger than they would otherwise be, they are the complete opposite of normal games or vacations. Adventure sports and tours reverse the general definition of a holiday as being an escape from the seriousness of everyday life, as in most cases, they are innately serious, requiring as they do 'life or death' decision-making. Beginning with the rise in colonial explorations and moving on to consider the Dangerous Sports Club of Oxford, this book examines the increasing phenomena of adventure sports such as bungy jumping, cliff jumping or 'tomb-stoning', surfing and parkour within a framework of positive risk. It explores how certain assumptions about knowledge, agency, the body and nature are beginning to coalesce around newly developing spheres of social relations. Additionally, extreme games have become activities that are germane to the dawning of green social thought and so the book also addresses issues that deal with the intimate connections that exist between pleasure and the moral responsibility towards the environment.
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Mikrokartografia hiritarrak. Hiri-espazioaren eta arkitekturaren irakurketa, skate eta parkour kirolen eskutuk
Autor
Uriarte
2012
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Aldiri: arkitektura eta abar
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Euskera
Palabras clave
Resumen
Hiriko espazio publikoa kirola praktikatzeko modu sortzailean darabilte bai skaterrek bai parkourlariek. Kirol horietako bakoitzak hirietako elementuen irakurketa ezberdin bat egiten du haien jarduera garatzeko. Hartara, espazio eraikia erabiltzeko beste begirada bata darabilte. Hots, hiri-funtzio eta espazio-mugak gainditzen dituzte gorputz mugimendu aske eta jostalariaren bidez.: Skaters and parcour runners use urban space in creative ways to practise their sport, whereby each make different interpretations of the urban elements in order to develop their skills. This implies an alternative standpoint in the use of the urban built space. That is, they transgress urban function and space-limits through free and playfull body movement.
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Nice-looking obstacles: Parkour as urban practice of deterritorialization
Autor
Brunner
2011
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AI and Society
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Most academic publications refer to Parkour as a subversive and embodied tactic that challenges hegemonic discourses of discipline and control. Architecture becomes the playful ground where new ways to move take form. These approaches rarely address the material and embodied relations that occur in these practices and remain on the discursive plane of cultural signifiers. A theory of movement between bodies as the founding aspect of Parkour unfolds alternative concepts of body, space, time and movement beyond the discursive. Movement becomes the leitmotif for a re-conceptualization of the relations between subjects and objects and abandons their division. With the example of Parkour, I will challenge anthropocentric approaches toward embodiment and instead foreground open-ended shifting configurations of places and their relation to movement. Parkour re-shapes rigid concepts of places and their human encounter through movement. Through its encounter with obstacles Parkour activates the silent potential for movement located in the relation between bodies and thus reaches beyond material boundaries (e.g., a wall). As a deterritorializing practice, I will use Parkour to re-consider the relations between different bodies such as architectural configurations, subjects and their urban ecologies to develop a relational model for movement to shape our everyday encounters with matter
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Parkour and the multitude: Politics of a dangerous art
Autor
Guss
2011
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French Cultural Studies
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
danger, fear, multitude, parkour, urban France
Resumen
This article examines the politics of le parkour’ a new global art developed in the Paris suburbs. The practitioners' creative and dangerous movements, as a form of spatial appropriation and as a collectively developed art-form, claim new commons. Their collaborative creation of these commons forges a group identity that allows each member to retain their individuality, forging an integrated but heterogeneous collectivity. This group dynamic, combining singularity and collectivity, suggests a connection to Hardt and Negri's concept of the multitude, a potential, emerging democratic political force in the global information economy. In parkour, the centrality of embracing fear as an aesthetic experience is significant because it is precisely fear that prevents the multitude from forming and reaching its full political power by maintaining the separation of different segments of workers. An art of the multitude, parkour is its microcosm, artistic manifestation, or even harbinger.
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Parkour Vision
Autor
Curtis
2011
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Urban Cinematics: Understanding urban phenomena through the moving image
Tipo de publicación
Capítulo de libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Abordagem histórico-crítica do parkour, seu processo de expansão e realidade na cidade de Salvador
Autor
Lordêllo
2011
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Universidade Federal Da Bahia
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Portugués
Palabras clave
Produção do conhecimento; Cultura Corporal; Parkour; Formação humana
Resumen
A proposta deste estudo se dá a partir da necessidade de apropriação dos conhecimentos da Cultura Corporaleneste trabalho de pesquisa, levantamos como Problemaa seguinte pergunta: Qual a concepção do Parkour e sua relação com a Cultura Corporal a partir dos determinantes sócio-históricos e a realidade na cidade de Salvador/BA?Tem como Objetivo geral analisar sobreos determinantes sócio-históricos do Parkour no seu processo de criação, desenvolvimento, expansão a partir das sistematizações empíricas, dos estudos científicos identificando a realidade do Parkour na cidade de Salvador/BA.Para melhor compreensão dos passos metodológicos que percorrerá esta investigação, dividimos o estudoem dois momentos. O primeiro, tevea finalidade de contribuir através de um estudo bibliográfico, com base nas sistematizações empíricas dos grupos e nos estudos científicos produzidos, para entender os determinantes sócio-históricos.No segundo momento, através spesquisasexploratórias, bibliográficasede campo, verificamosa realidade desta prática corporal na cidade de Salvador/BA, entendendo como este conhecimento se desenvolve e se encontra nos dias atuais, através de visita ao grupocom maior representatividade na cidade e entrevista aberta com ospraticantes. A escolha daapresentação deste projeto em “dividi-lo em dois momentos” foi apenas para fins didáticos, de forma alguma ele se dissocia. Partimos da compreensão de que as práticascorporais são produtos da prática social humana e de expressãoda Cultura Corporal.Assim conseguimos com este estudo, chegar a compreenção que a criação do parkour surge a partir da necessidade que o homem tem de se socializar e se exercitar; tambem chegamosa um conceito sobre parkour, entendendo-o como manifestação da Cultura Corporalhistoricamente construído pela humanidade e a compreenção sobre as problemáticas e possibilidades de superação desta prática corporal na cidade de Salvador/BA
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